Professor Ravi Silva
Head of the Advanced Technology Institute (ATI)
Qualifications: BA MA PhD (Cantab) CEng CPhys FIEE FInstP FRSA
Email: s.silva@surrey.ac.uk
Phone: Work: 01483 68 9825
Room no: 20 ATI 01
Further information
Biography
Ravi Silva is the Director of the Advanced Technology Institute (ATI) and heads the Nano-Electronics Centre (NEC), which is an interdisciplinary research activity. The NEC has over 50 research staff. He joined Surrey in 1995. Ravi's secondary education was in Sri Lanka, after which he joined the Eng. Dept. at Cambridge Univ. for his undergraduate and postgraduate work.
His research has resulted in over 380 presentations at international conferences, and over 360 journal papers.
In 2002 he was awarded the Charles Vernon Boys Medal by the Inst. of Physics, and in 2003 he was awarded the IEE Achievement Award by the Inst. of Elec. Engineers.
In 2003 he was also awarded the Albert Einstein Silver Medal and Javed Husain Prize by UNESCO for contributions to electronic devices.
In 2003 the largest EPSRC Portfolio award for £6.68M was made to Prof. Silva and his team on Integrated Electronics, which was followed in 2004 by a SRIF award for £4M to set up a Nano-Electronics Centre for multidisciplinary research.
In 2005, the Nano-Electronics Centre was a finalist in the Emerging Technologies category of the IEE 2005 Awards for Innovation in Engineering.
In 2007, Prof. Silva was the runner-up of the "Times Higher Education Young Scientist of the Year", and "Most Entrepreneurial Scientist 2007, United Kingdom", by UKSEC and Science Alliance of the Netherlands. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in 2007.
In 2008 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, UK.
Prof. Silva was on the advisory board of Imprimatur Ltd and the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) of Sri Lanka. He spent the year 2008 acting as an Advisor to the Honourable Minister of Science and Technology in Sri Lanka, and helped set up the Sri Lanka Institute of NanoTechnology (SLINTec) and the Nano-Science Park NANCO (private) Ltd. He acts as an advisor to both these activities and sits on the director board.
Prof. Silva was also a member of the Electrical and Electronic Panel (UoA24) for the recently concluded Research Assessment Exercise (2003-2008) RAE2008, EPSRC Nanotechnology Task Force and sat (2007-2010) on the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council's (EPSRC) Technology Opportunities Panel (TOP).
In 2009 he was elected as a Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences Sri Lanka. Since 2005 he has worked with the National Science Foundation (NSF), Sri Lanka to establish nanotechnology as a vehicle from which to create wealth for the nation that will allow for poverty alleviation in the country. By introducing high technology in to the manufacturing base in Sri Lanka he has spearheaded a drive to introduce innovation and competitiveness in to the industrial sector within the country.
In 2010 he was awarded the Royal Society Clifford Patterson Award for 2011. The Clifford Patterson Prize lecture is for outstanding contribution in the fields of carbon nanoscience and nanotechnology.
Research Interests
His research interest encompass a wide range of activities. Nano-Electronics and renewables being two themes that are very important to the whole effort.
In addition to Nano-Electronics, the characterisation, growth and processing of novel semiconductor materials for large area electronic applications is central to the group activity. Novel device structures & physic of carbon nanotubes and photovoltaics based on polymer/nanotube composites, electron field emission from amorphous materials and modelling of the emission, photovoltaics, electroluminescent cells, electronic doping of amorphous carbon, Excimer laser annealing and ablation, disordered (amorphous and n-C) GaN for optoelectronic applications, band gap modulated superlattice structures, diamond and SiC thin film deposition, the use of ion implantation for electronic doping and synthesis of novel materials are some of his other interests.
Research is progressing rapidly on growth kinetics of low temperature carbon nanotubes.
Research Collaborations
Research collaborations are in progress with national and international partners both from academia and industry. We are also part of the 40 member international consortium on Nano-bio sensors under the EU Framework 6 programme Sensation. We are also part of the 10 member UK academic network on Carbon Based Electronics National Consortium sponsored by EPSRC.
Publications
Highlights
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(2012) 'Superficial fluoropolymer layers for efficient light-emitting diodes'. Elsevier Organic Electronics, 13 (6), pp. 992-998.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735789/
Abstract
Fluoropolymers are characterized by high chemical inertness and, when in solid state, by superficial dipoles due to the C–F bond where the charge density is strongly displaced. These two characteristics are exploited here for fine control of charge balance in organic light-emitting devices and for preventing electrochemical interaction between heterogeneous layers. The insertion of a thin layer of polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, at the interface between poly(ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid), PEDOT:PSS, and an electroluminescent polymer leads to improved device efficiency and longevity. The presence of the superficial dipole increases the effective work function of the anode and improves the charge balance which enhances the external quantum efficiency, EQE, of the devices by up to a factor of two without significant effects on the luminance levels. The insertion of the PTFE layer reduces the photoluminescence quenching at the PEDOT:PSS/polymer interface, however we show that the EQE enhancement is mainly due to a better confinement of minority carrier electrons in the active layer. The lifetime of the devices shows a remarkable increase correlated with the insertion of the PTFE layer. Such improvements are ascribed to the reduced electrochemical interaction between the electroluminescent polymer and PEDOT:PSS due to the chemically inert nature of PTFE. The PTFE acts as a chemical zipper of two heterogeneous media with the added functionality of control over the charge balance.
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(2012) 'Photo-thermal chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene'. Elsevier Carbon, 50 (2), pp. 668-673.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/22849/
Abstract
The growth of graphene on Ni using a photo-thermal chemical vapor deposition (PT-CVD) technique is reported. The non-thermal equilibrium nature of PT-CVD process resulted in a much shorter duration in both heating up and cooling down stages, thus allowing for a reduction in the overall growth time. Despite the reduced time for synthesis compared to standard thermal chemical vapor deposition (T-CVD), there was no decrease in the quality of the graphene film produced. Furthermore, the graphene formation under PT-CVD is much less sensitive to cooling rate than that observed for T-CVD process. Growth on Ni also allows for the alleviation of hydrogen blister damage that is commonly encountered during growth on Cu substrates and a lower processing temperature. To characterize the film’s electrical and optical properties, we further report the use of pristine PT-CVD grown graphene as the transparent electrode material in an organic photovoltaic device (OPV) with poly(3-hexyl)thiophene (P3HT)/phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as the active layer where the power conversion efficiency of the OPV cell is found to be comparable to that reported using pristine graphene prepared by conventional CVD.
- . (2011) 'Evidence for a New Two-Dimensional C4H-Type Polymer Based on Hydrogenated Graphene'. ADVANCED MATERIALS, 23 (39), pp. 4497-+.
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(2011) 'Engineering the plasmon resonance of large area bimetallic nanoparticle films by laser nanostructuring for chemical sensors'. OPTICAL SOC AMER OPT LETT, 36 (8), pp. 1362-1364.doi: 10.1364/OL.36.001362Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7839/
Abstract
Large area fabrication of metal alloy nanoparticles with tunable surface plasmon resonances on low-cost substrates is reported. A UV excimer laser was used to anneal 5 nm thick Ag Au bilayer films deposited with different composition ratios to create alloy nanoparticles. These engineered surfaces are used to investigate how the wavelength of the surface plasmon resonance affects the optical detection capability of chemical species by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. (c) 2011 Optical Society of America
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(2011) 'Spontaneous emergence of long-range shape symmetry'. Nano Letters, United States: 11 (1), pp. 160-163.doi: 10.1021/nl1032793
- . (2011) 'Photoluminescence Quenching in Carbon Nanotube-Polymer/Fullerene Films: Carbon Nanotubes as Exciton Dissociation Centres in Organic Photovoltaics.'. Wiley Advanced Materials, 23 (33), pp. 3796-3800.
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(2011) 'Growth of carbon nanotubes at temperatures compatible with integrated circuit technologies'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD CARBON, 49 (1), pp. 280-285.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735951/
- . (2010) 'Catalyst and Chirality Dependent Growth of Carbon Nanotubes Determined Through Nano-Test Tube Chemistry'. WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH ADVANCED MATERIALS, 22 (33), pp. 3685-+.
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(2010) 'Higher Dispersion Efficacy of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes in Chemical and Biological Environments'. AMER CHEMICAL SOC ACS NANO, 4 (5), pp. 2615-2626.doi: 10.1021/nn100069kFull text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735955/
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(2010) 'Intrinsic Gain in Self-Aligned Polysilicon Source-Gated Transistors'. IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES, 57 (10), pp. 2434-2439.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7852/
- . (2010) 'Uptake and Release of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Mammalian Cells'. WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, 20 (19), pp. 3272-3279.
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(2010) 'Organic-Inorganic solar cells: Recent developments and outlook'. IEEE IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 16 (6), pp. 1595-1606.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735948/
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(2010) 'Platinum integrated graphene for methanol fuel cells'. American Chemical Society Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 114 (37), pp. 15837-15841.doi: 10.1021/jp105470s
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(2009) 'Triple functionalisation of single-walled carbon nanotubes with doxorubicin, a monoclonal antibody, and a fluorescent marker for targeted cancer therapy'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD CARBON, 47 (9), pp. 2152-2160.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735957/
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(2009) 'Screening the Missing Electron: Nanochemistry in Action'. AMER PHYSICAL SOC PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 102 (4) Article number ARTN 046804 Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735960/
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(2008) 'Evidence for Metal-Semiconductor Transitions in Twisted and Collapsed Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy'. AMER CHEMICAL SOC NANO LETTERS, 8 (10), pp. 3350-3356.doi: 10.1021/nl801782k
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(2008) 'Registry-Induced Electronic Superstructure in Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, Associated with the Interaction between Two Graphene-Like Monolayers'. AMER CHEMICAL SOC ACS NANO, 2 (10), pp. 2113-2120.doi: 10.1021/nn800483k
- . (2008) 'Improving switching performance of thin-film transistors in disordered silicon'. IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS, 29 (6), pp. 588-591.
- . (2008) 'Engineering - High-performance transistors by design'. AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE SCIENCE, 320 (5876), pp. 618-619.
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(2008) 'Carbon nanotubes: a multi-functional material for organic optoelectronics'. ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, 18 (11), pp. 1183-1192.doi: 10.1039/b713527k
- . (2008) 'Organic-Inorganic Solar Cells: Recent Developments and Outlook'. IEEE IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 16 (6), pp. 1595-1606.
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(2007) 'Nanostructured copper phthalocyanine-sensitized multiwall carbon nanotube films'. AMER CHEMICAL SOC LANGMUIR, 23 (11), pp. 6424-6430.doi: 10.1021/la070156d
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(2007) 'Inner-tube chirality determination for double-walled carbon nanotubes by scanning tunneling microscopy'. AMER CHEMICAL SOC NANO LETTERS, 7 (5), pp. 1232-1239.doi: 10.1021/nl070072p
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(2006) 'Interpenetrating multiwall carbon nanotube electrodes for organic solar cells'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 89 (13) Article number ARTN 133117 doi: 10.1063/1.2357844Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/231/
- . (2006) 'Iron filled single-wall carbon nanotubes - A novel ferromagnetic medium'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 421 (1-3), pp. 129-133.
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(2006) 'Resonant tunnelling and fast switching in amorphous-carbon quantum-well structures'. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP NATURE MATERIALS, 5 (1), pp. 19-22.doi: 10.1038/nmat1551
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(2005) 'Charge transport effects in field emission from carbon nanotube-polymer composites'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 87 (26) Article number ARTN 263105 doi: 10.1063/1.2158023Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/745622/
- . (2005) 'Pulsed-laser-induced nanoscale island formation in thin metal-on-oxide films'. Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 72 (19)
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(2005) 'Novel catalysts, room temperature, and the importance of oxygen for the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes'. AMER CHEMICAL SOC NANO LETTERS, 5 (7), pp. 1209-1215.doi: 10.1021/nl050692vFull text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2651/
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(2005) 'Polyurea-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes: Synthesis, morphology, and Raman spectroscopy'. AMER CHEMICAL SOC JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B, 109 (24), pp. 11925-11932.doi: 10.1021/jp051642hFull text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2650/
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(2005) 'Electron field emission from a single carbon nanotube: Effects of anode location'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 87 (10) Article number ARTN 103112 doi: 10.1063/1.2041824
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(2004) 'Room temperature photoluminescence from nanostructured amorphous carbon'. Applied Physics Letters, 85 (25), pp. 6236-6238.doi: 10.1063/1.1839641Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/745626/
Abstract
Visible room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) was observed from hydrogen-free nanostructured amorphous carbon films deposited by pulsed laser ablation in different background pressures of argon (PAr). By varying PAr from 5 to 340 mTorr, the film morphology changed from smooth to rough and at the highest pressures, low-density filamentary growth was observed. Over the same pressure regime an increase in the ordering of s p2 bonded C content was observed using visible Raman spectroscopy. The origin of the PL is discussed in terms of improved carrier localization within an increased s p2 rich phase. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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(2004) 'Disorder, clustering, and localization effects in amorphous carbon'. AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 70 (23) Article number ARTN 235417 Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/742235/
- . (2003) 'Formation of low-temperature self-organized nanoscale nickel metal islands'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 14 (11) Article number PII S0957-4484(03)66225-2 , pp. 1223-1227.
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(2002) 'Large-area synthesis of carbon nanofibres at room temperature'. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP NATURE MATERIALS, 1 (3), pp. 165-168.doi: 10.1038/nmat755
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(2002) 'Field emission from nonaligned carbon nanotubes embedded in a polystyrene matrix'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 80 (17), pp. 3189-3191.doi: 10.1063/1.1474608
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(2001) 'Origin of electric field enhancement in field emission from amorphous carbon thin films'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 78 (16), pp. 2339-2341.doi: 10.1063/1.1366369
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(2000) 'Electron-energy-loss spectroscopy characterization of the sp(2) bonding fraction within carbon thin films'. AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 62 (19), pp. 12628-12631.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2492/
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(2000) 'Influence of sp(2) clusters on the field emission properties of amorphous carbon thin films'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 77 (13) Article number PII [S0003-6951(00)01639-9] , pp. 2006-2008.doi: 10.1063/1.1312202Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/742237/
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(1998) 'A study of electron field emission as a function of film thickness from amorphous carbon films'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 73 (25), pp. 3784-3786.doi: 10.1063/1.122894Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2452/
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(1997) 'Stress-induced formation of high-density amorphous carbon thin films'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 82 (12), pp. 6024-6030.doi: 10.1063/1.366469Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2443/
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(1997) 'Self-texturing of nitrogenated amorphous carbon thin films for electron field emission'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 71 (11), pp. 1477-1479.doi: 10.1063/1.119975Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2377/
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(1997) 'Nitrogen modification of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 81 (6), pp. 2626-2634.doi: 10.1063/1.363927Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2389/
- . (1996) 'Structure and luminescence properties of an amorphous hydrogenated carbon'. TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES, 74 (4), pp. 369-386.
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(1996) 'Raman spectroscopy on amorphous carbon films'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 80 (1), pp. 440-447.doi: 10.1063/1.362745Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2374/
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(1996) 'Low-threshold cold cathodes made of nitrogen-doped chemical-vapour-deposited diamond'. MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD NATURE, 381 (6578), pp. 140-141.doi: 10.1038/381140a0
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(1996) 'Influence of precursor gases on the structure of plasma deposited amorphous hydrogenated carbon-nitrogen films'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 68 (19), pp. 2645-2647.doi: 10.1063/1.116268Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2370/
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(1996) 'Nitrogen containing hydrogenated amorphous carbon for thin-film field emission cathodes'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 68 (18), pp. 2529-2531.doi: 10.1063/1.116173Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2369/
- . (1996) 'Nitrogenated amorphous carbon as a semiconductor'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, BARCELONA, SPAIN: 6th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-like and Related Materials (Diamond Films 95) 5 (3-5), pp. 401-404.
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(1995) 'DIRECT OBSERVATION OF COMPOSITIONALLY HOMOGENEOUS A-C-H BAND-GAP-MODULATED SUPERLATTICES'. AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 75 (23), pp. 4258-4261.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2368/
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(1994) 'EVIDENCE OF HEXAGONAL DIAMOND IN PLASMA-DEPOSITED CARBON-FILMS'. KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE, 29 (19), pp. 4962-4966.doi: 10.1007/BF01151085
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(1993) 'PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY IN HIGHLY TETRAHEDRAL DIAMOND-LIKE AMORPHOUS-CARBON'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 63 (3), pp. 370-372.doi: 10.1063/1.110046Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2367/
- . (1992) 'ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTING DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON DIAMOND'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE THIN SOLID FILMS, AUBURN UNIV, AUBURN, AL: CONF ON APPLIED DIAMOND 212 (1-2), pp. 232-239.
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(1991) 'INFLUENCE OF DC BIAS VOLTAGE ON THE REFRACTIVE-INDEX AND STRESS OF CARBON-DIAMOND FILMS DEPOSITED FROM A CH4/AR RF PLASMA'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 70 (10), pp. 5374-5379.doi: 10.1063/1.350219Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2361/
Journal articles
- . (2012) 'The origin of the metal enrichment of carbon nanostructures produced by laser ablation of a carbon-nickel target'. Carbon, 50 (15), pp. 5505-5520.
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(2012) 'Vertical graphene nanoflakes for the immobilization, electrocatalytic oxidation and quantitative detection of DNA'. Electrochemistry Communications, 25 (1), pp. 140-143.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/738446/
Abstract
Vertical graphene nanoflake integrated films having a high density of edge planes have been used as an electrochemical platform to systematically investigate the immobilization, electrochemical oxidation kinetics and direct quantitative determination of native DNA. Consistently, both transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy observations demonstrate the presence of a self-assembled monolayer of native DNA, immobilized on the graphene nanoflakes. Graphene shows excellent electrocatalytic activity for the electrooxidation of double stranded DNA, better than carbon nanotubes and glassy carbon, due to the abundance of electrocatalytic graphene edges present not only at the top but also along the sides of each graphene nanoflake. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
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(2012) 'Control of nanocrystal surface defects for efficient charge extraction in polymer-ZnO photovoltaic systems'. AIP Journal of Applied Physics, 112 (6)doi: 10.1063/1.4751432Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735788/
Abstract
Factors determining the photovoltaic device performance of blends of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (rr-P3HT) and ZnO nanostructures are reported. A decrease in the crystallinity of rr-P3HT upon the formation of ZnO (through hydrolysis) is observed through optical absorption spectroscopy. Increasing the humidity level for the ZnO formation leads to a decrease in the photoluminescence of the rr-P3HT:ZnO blend together with improved photovoltaic device performance. This is attributed to more efficient charge extraction due to a decrease in the radiative trap sites on the ZnO surface as a result of decreasing ZnO surface area with increasing humidity level. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.
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(2012) 'Design of double-walled carbon nanotubes for biomedical applications.'. Nanotechnology, England: 23 (36)Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/728016/
Abstract
Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) prepared by catalytic chemical vapour deposition were functionalized in such a way that they were optimally designed as a nano-vector for the delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA), which is of great interest for biomedical research and drug development. DWNTs were initially oxidized and coated with a polypeptide (Poly(Lys:Phe)), which was then conjugated to thiol-modified siRNA using a heterobifunctional cross-linker. The obtained oxDWNT-siRNA was characterized by Raman spectroscopy inside and outside a biological environment (mammalian cells). Uptake of the custom-designed nanotubes was not associated with detectable biochemical perturbations in cultured cells, but transfection of cells with DWNTs loaded with siRNA targeting the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, serving as a model system, as well as with therapeutic siRNA targeting the survivin gene, led to a significant gene silencing effect, and in the latter case a resulting apoptotic effect in cancer cells.
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(2012) 'High luminance organic light-emitting diodes with efficient multi-walled carbon nanotube hole injectors'. Carbon, 50 (11), pp. 4163-4170.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/728018/
Abstract
We report on high luminance organic light-emitting diodes using acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (o-MWCNTs) as efficient hole injector electrodes, using a simple, solution processable device structure. At only 10 V, the luminance approaches 50,000 cd/m with an external quantum efficiency over 2% and a current efficiency greater than 21 cd/A. The investigation of hole-only devices shows that the mechanism for hole injection changes from injection limited to bulk limited because of the higher effective work function of the anode modified by the o-MWCNTs. We expect the enhancement of the local electric field, brought about by both the dielectric inhomogeneities within the o-MWCNT containing anode and the high aspect ratio carbon nanotubes, improves hole injection from the anode to the organic active layer at much lower applied voltage. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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(2012) 'Dye-assisted dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes for solution fabrication of NO2 sensors'. AMER INST PHYSICS AIP ADVANCES, 2 (3) Article number ARTN 032165 doi: 10.1063/1.4752760Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/738495/
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(2012) 'Self-assembly of single walled carbon nanotubes onto cotton to make conductive yarn'. Elsevier Particuology, 10 (4), pp. 517-521.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/728259/
Abstract
A simple, economical and scalable technique is demonstrated to make conductiveyarn. Singlewalledcarbonnanotubes (SWCNTs) are non-covalently functionalized with dye (Acid Red 91) and dispersed in water; while cottonyarn is treated with poly (ethylene imine). When the resulting yarn is immersed in the SWCNT dispersion, SWCNTs self-assemble onto the yarn due to electrostatic forces between the functionalized nanotubes and yarn. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy indicate the assembly of carbonnanotubes. The SWCNT functionalized yarn exhibits reasonable electrical conduction behaviour and are then used to make chemiresistors. The electrical resistance of the chemiresistors used as sensors increases on exposure to ammonia gas, which can be explained in terms of electron transfer between gas molecules and SWCNTs.
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(2012) 'The effect of plasma modification on the sheet resistance of nylon fabrics coated with carbon nanotubes'. Elsevier Applied Surface Science, 258 (20), pp. 8209-8213.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/728256/
Abstract
Low-pressure oxygen and argon plasmas were used to pre-treat nylon fabrics, and the modified fabrics, together with the raw fabrics, were subsequently coated with single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by a dip-drying process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicated the attachment of SWCNTs onto nylon fabrics. After the coating with SWCNTs, the plasma modified fabrics exhibited sheet resistance of as low as 2.0 kΩ/sq. with respect to 4.9 kΩ/sq. of the raw fabrics, presumably owing to the increase of fibre surface roughness incurred by the plasma modification, which is evidenced by SEM analyses. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicates the incorporation of oxygen functionalities on fibre surfaces in the plasma modification. This is responsible for the variation of the electrical conductance of SWCNT-coated fabrics with the type of plasma and the duration of plasma ablation. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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(2012) 'Alter the sheet resistance of carbon nanotube-coated cellulose fabric with argon plasma pretreatment'. INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET MICRO & NANO LETTERS, 7 (8), pp. 850-853.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/738447/
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(2012) 'Superficial fluoropolymer layers for efficient light-emitting diodes'. Elsevier Organic Electronics, 13 (6), pp. 992-998.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735789/
Abstract
Fluoropolymers are characterized by high chemical inertness and, when in solid state, by superficial dipoles due to the C–F bond where the charge density is strongly displaced. These two characteristics are exploited here for fine control of charge balance in organic light-emitting devices and for preventing electrochemical interaction between heterogeneous layers. The insertion of a thin layer of polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, at the interface between poly(ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid), PEDOT:PSS, and an electroluminescent polymer leads to improved device efficiency and longevity. The presence of the superficial dipole increases the effective work function of the anode and improves the charge balance which enhances the external quantum efficiency, EQE, of the devices by up to a factor of two without significant effects on the luminance levels. The insertion of the PTFE layer reduces the photoluminescence quenching at the PEDOT:PSS/polymer interface, however we show that the EQE enhancement is mainly due to a better confinement of minority carrier electrons in the active layer. The lifetime of the devices shows a remarkable increase correlated with the insertion of the PTFE layer. Such improvements are ascribed to the reduced electrochemical interaction between the electroluminescent polymer and PEDOT:PSS due to the chemically inert nature of PTFE. The PTFE acts as a chemical zipper of two heterogeneous media with the added functionality of control over the charge balance.
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(2012) 'Catalysing the production of multiple arm carbon octupi nanostructures'. Elsevier Carbon, 50 (6), pp. 2141-2146.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735945/
Abstract
Octopus-like carbon nanofibres with leg diameters as small as 9 nm are reported, with a high yield over large areas, using a unique photo-thermal chemical vapour deposition system. The branched nature of these nanostructures leads to geometries ideal for increasing the surface area of contacts for many electronic and electrochemical devices. The manufacture of these structures involves a combination of a polyacrylonitrile/polysiloxane film covering the surface of cupronickel catalysts, supported on silicon. Acetylene is used as the carbon feedstock. High-resolution electron microscopy revealed a relationship between the geometry of the nanoparticles and the catalytic growth process, which can be tuned to maximise geometries (and therefore the surface area) and was obtained with a catalyst size of 125 nm. The technique proposed for growing these carbon octopi nanostructures is ideal to facilitate a new in situ transfer film process to place high-density carbon structures on secondary surfaces to produce high capacitance all-carbon contacts.
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(2012) 'Drug loading, dispersion stability, and therapeutic efficacy in targeted drug delivery with carbon nanotubes'. Elsevier Carbon, 50 (2), pp. 622-632.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735956/
Abstract
We have designed a drug delivery system for the anti-cancer drugs doxorubicin and mitoxantrone based on carbon nanotubes, which is stable under biological conditions, allows for sustained release, and promotes selectivity through an active targeting scheme. Carbon nanotubes are particularly promising for this area of application due to their high surface area, allowing for high drug loading, and their unique interaction with cellular membranes. We have taken a systematic approach to PEG conjugation in order to create a formulation of stable and therapeutically effective CNTs. The presented drug delivery system may be a means of improving cancer treatment modalities by reducing drug-related side effects.
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(2012) 'High luminance organic light-emitting diodes with efficient multi-walled carbon nanotube hole injectors'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD CARBON, 50 (11), pp. 4163-4170.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/728017/
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(2012) 'Modeling the binding of peptides on carbon nanotubes and their use as protein and DNA carriers'. Springer Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 14 (2)Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/736295/
Abstract
An in-depth study of a novel functionalization of carbon nanotubes for their application as protein and DNA carriers is presented. First, the optimum conditions for the dispersion of singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with amphiphilic polypeptides were obtained, and the SWCNT–polypeptide complexes were characterized by different techniques (UV–Vis-NIR, CD, and AFM). Based on the properties of the SWCNT–polypeptide complexes, a model that characterizes the adsorption of natural proteins onto SWCNT was described for the first time. This model predicts the adsorption of natural proteins on SWCNTs based on the protein structure and composition, and therefore, allows the design of methods for the preparation of SWCNT–protein complexes. Besides, the use of cationic-designed amphiphilic polypeptides to disperse SWCNTs is applied for subsequent and efficient binding of DNA to carbon nanotubes by a bilayer approach. Therefore, in this article, we develop procedures for the use of SWCNTs as protein and DNA carriers. The systems were delivered into cells showing that the efficiency of delivery is affected by the charge of the complexes, which has important implications in the use of SWCNT as platforms for protein and DNA binding and subsequent use as delivery systems.
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(2012) 'Field plate optimization in low-power high-gain source-gated transistors'. IEEE IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 59 (8)Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/580603/
Abstract
Source-gated transistors (SGTs) have potentially very high output impedance and low saturation voltages, which make them ideal as building blocks for high performance analog circuits fabricated in thin-film technologies. The quality of the saturation is greatly influenced by the design of the field-relief structure incorporated into the source electrode. Starting from measurements on self-aligned polysilicon structures, we show through numerical simulations how the field plate design can be improved. A simple source field plate around 1µm long situated several tens of nm above the semiconductor can increase the low-voltage intrinsic gain by more than two orders of magnitude and offers adequate tolerance to process variations in a moderately scaled thin-film SGT.
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(2012) 'Cellular localization, accumulation and trafficking of double-walled carbon nanotubes in human prostate cancer cells'. Springer Nano Research, 5 (4), pp. 223-234.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/711610/
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are at present being considered as potential nanovectors with the ability to deliver therapeutic cargoes into living cells. Previous studies established the ability of CNTs to enter cells and their therapeutic utility, but an appreciation of global intracellular trafficking associated with their cellular distribution has yet to be described. Despite the many aspects of the uptake mechanism of CNTs being studied, only a few studies have investigated internalization and fate of CNTs inside cells in detail. In the present study, intracellular localization and trafficking of RNA-wrapped, oxidized double-walled CNTs (oxDWNT-RNA) is presented. Fixed cells, previously exposed to oxDWNT-RNA, were subjected to immunocytochemical analysis using antibodies specific to proteins implicated in endocytosis; moreover cell compartment markers and pharmacological inhibitory conditions were also employed in this study. Our results revealed that an endocytic pathway is involved in the internalization of oxDWNT-RNA. The nanotubes were found in clathrin-coated vesicles, after which they appear to be sorted in early endosomes, followed by vesicular maturation, become located in lysosomes. Furthermore, we observed co-localization of oxDWNT-RNA with the small GTP-binding protein (Rab 11), involved in their recycling back to the plasma membrane via endosomes from the trans-golgi network.
- . (2012) 'The effect of pH on the functionalization of nylon fabric with carbon nanotubes.'. J Nanosci Nanotechnol, United States: 12 (1), pp. 84-90.
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(2012) 'Field plate optimization in low-power high-gain source-gated transistors'. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 59 (8), pp. 2180-2186.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/721638/
Abstract
Source-gated transistors (SGTs) have potentially very high output impedance and low saturation voltages, which make them ideal as building blocks for high-performance analog circuits fabricated in thin-film technologies. The quality of saturation is greatly influenced by the design of the field-relief structure incorporated into the source electrode. Starting from measurements on self-aligned polysilicon structures, we show through numerical simulations how the field plate (FP) design can be improved. A simple source FP around 1 μm long situated several tens of nanometers above the semiconductor can increase the low-voltage intrinsic gain by more than two orders of magnitude and offers adequate tolerance to process variations in a moderately scaled thin-film SGT. © 2012 IEEE.
- . (2012) 'Protamine and chloroquine enhance gene delivery and expression mediated by RNA-wrapped single walled carbon nanotubes'. AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 12 (3), pp. 1739-1747.
- . (2012) 'The origin of the metal enrichment of carbon nanostructures produced by laser ablation of a carbon-nickel target'. Carbon,
- . (2012) 'The effect of plasma modification on the sheet resistance of nylon fabrics coated with carbon nanotubes'. Applied Surface Science,
- . (2012) 'Catalysing the production of multiple arm carbon octopi nanostructures'. Elsevier Carbon, 50 (6), pp. 2141-2146.
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(2012) 'Functionalisation of nylon with carbon nanotubes to make thermally stable fabric and wearable capacitor'. INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET MICRO & NANO LETTERS, 7 (3), pp. 193-195.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/728258/
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(2012) 'Near infrared up-conversion in organic photovoltaic devices using an efficient Yb3+:Ho3+ Co-doped Ln2BaZnO5 (Ln = Y, Gd) phosphor'. American Institute of Physics Journal of Applied Physics, 111 (9) Article number 094502 doi: 10.1063/1.4704687Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/533328/
Abstract
The first detailed study that combines the use of a new generation of high-efficiency Yb3+:Ho3+ co-doped Y2BaZnO5 near-infrared up-converting phosphors with organic photovoltaic devices is reported. We show that it is possible to obtain a Jsc of 16 µA / cm2 under 986 nm illumination (~390 mW / cm2 corresponding to ~37 suns) leading to an up-conversion external quantum efficiency (UC EQE) of 0.0052%. Through modification of the organic photovoltaic devices to incorporate transparent electrodes we show that UC EQE could be increased to 0.031 %, matching that achieved in amorphous-Si:H PV cells. Accounting for the full spectral range that may be absorbed by the phosphor(~870–1030 nm) yields an up-conversion power conversion efficiency (UC PCE) of 0.073% which again could be improved to 0.45% using transparent electrodes. This technique for utilizing the near-infrared spectral region may therefore offer a potential route to improving the performance of organic photovoltaic devices as research into discovering high-efficiency up-converting phosphors continues to provide improved materials.
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(2012) 'Photo-thermal chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene'. Elsevier Carbon, 50 (2), pp. 668-673.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/22849/
Abstract
The growth of graphene on Ni using a photo-thermal chemical vapor deposition (PT-CVD) technique is reported. The non-thermal equilibrium nature of PT-CVD process resulted in a much shorter duration in both heating up and cooling down stages, thus allowing for a reduction in the overall growth time. Despite the reduced time for synthesis compared to standard thermal chemical vapor deposition (T-CVD), there was no decrease in the quality of the graphene film produced. Furthermore, the graphene formation under PT-CVD is much less sensitive to cooling rate than that observed for T-CVD process. Growth on Ni also allows for the alleviation of hydrogen blister damage that is commonly encountered during growth on Cu substrates and a lower processing temperature. To characterize the film’s electrical and optical properties, we further report the use of pristine PT-CVD grown graphene as the transparent electrode material in an organic photovoltaic device (OPV) with poly(3-hexyl)thiophene (P3HT)/phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as the active layer where the power conversion efficiency of the OPV cell is found to be comparable to that reported using pristine graphene prepared by conventional CVD.
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(2011) 'Chloroquine-enhanced gene delivery mediated by carbon nanotubes'. Elsevier Carbon, 49 (15), pp. 5348-5358.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7815/
Abstract
Polyethyleneimine-coated double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) were used for dual gene and drug delivery, after loading the DWCNTs with the drug chloroquine, a lysosomotropic compound that is able to promote escape from the lysosomal compartment. Different forms of functionalization of the DWCNTs were examined in order to optimize this system. They included the testing of different treatments on DWCNTs to optimize the loading and delivery of chloroquine and the selection of a cationic polymer for coating the DWCNTs for optimum DNA binding and delivery. An acid oxidation treatment of DWCNTs was selected for optimum chloroquine loading together with polyethyleneimine as optimum cationic coating agent for plasmid DNA binding. Optimization of the conditions for choroquine-enhanced gene delivery were developed using luciferase expression as a model system. We have demonstrated that chloroquine-loading increases the ability of polyethyleneimine-coated DWCNTs to deliver functional nucleic acid to human cells. Cell viability tests have shown no cytotoxicity of the functionalized DWCNTs at the concentrations needed for optimum gene delivery. These results support the potential applications of this methodology in gene therapy.
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(2011) 'Probing the band structure of hydrogen-free amorphous carbon and the effect of nitrogen incorporation'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD CARBON, 49 (15), pp. 5229-5238.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7817/
- . (2011) 'Field effect in chemical vapour deposited graphene incorporating a polymeric gate dielectric'. Synthetic Metals, 161 (21-22), pp. 2249-2252.
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(2011) 'Carbon nanotube modified electrodes for enhanced brightness in organic light emitting devices'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD CARBON, 49 (13), pp. 4211-4217.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7707/
- . (2011) 'Evidence for a New Two-Dimensional C4H-Type Polymer Based on Hydrogenated Graphene'. ADVANCED MATERIALS, 23 (39), pp. 4497-+.
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(2011) 'Highly conductive nanoclustered carbon:nickel films grown by pulsed laser deposition'. Elsevier Carbon, 49 (12), pp. 3781-3788.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7823/
Abstract
An enhancement by 5 orders of magnitude of the electrical conductivity of nanoclustered carbon films is reported by incorporation of metallic atoms, but without significant morphological changes. Films were deposited by 248 nm pulsed laser ablation of both a pyrolytic graphite target and a mixed carbon–nickel (C:Ni) target, and structural analysis revealed that similar film morphologies were obtained when deposition was carried out using either target. Compositional analysis demonstrated a preferential incorporation of nickel over carbon in the resulting films (cf. the composition of the target). This non-stoichiometric transfer was also observed for films grown by 193 nm laser ablation of the C:Ni target, for which the enhancement was more pronounced, indicating that the ablation mechanism and the subsequent transfer are important in determining the eventual film composition.
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(2011) 'Directly observable G band splitting in Raman spectra from individual tubular graphite cones'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD CARBON, 49 (9), pp. 3048-3054.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7708/
- . (2011) 'Hydrogenated amorphous carbon and carbon nitride films deposited at low pressure by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition'. Elsevier THIN SOLID FILMS, 519 (19), pp. 6374-6380.
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(2011) 'Dispersive hole transport in polymer:carbon nanotube composites.'. Nanotechnology, England: 22 (26)Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7710/
Abstract
The hole transport properties of poly(2-methoxy, 5-(2'-ethyl-hexoxy)-p-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) blended with acid oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNTs) were investigated in a diode configuration using the time-of-flight (TOF) photocurrent method. While the room temperature hole mobility in pure MEH-PPV films was non-dispersive with positive field dependent mobility, MEH-PPV:COOH-MWCNT blended devices exhibited dispersive transport and negative field dependent mobility. This indicates that the hole mobility in this composite is influenced by positional disorder caused by the presence of COOH-MWCNTs in the MEH-PPV matrix. These results strongly suggest that the distribution of COOH-MWCNTs optimising in the organic matrix is important for charge transport in the high mobility nanotube component to be activated, when used in hybrid material systems.
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(2011) 'The incorporation of mono- and bi-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes in organic photovoltaic cells.'. Nanotechnology, England: 22 (26)Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/3011/
Abstract
We have successfully prepared mono- and bi-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with thiophene, amine and thiophene-amine groups. The dispersion of nanotubes has been enhanced and stable optimized dispersions in organic solvents were obtained. These functionalized nanotubes have been successfully incorporated into bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells with a poly (3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) and [6, 6]-phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) photoactive blended layer. The incorporation of MWCNT with different functional groups, in the active layer, results in different cell performance with respect to a reference cell. A maximum power conversion efficiency of 2.5% is achieved with the inclusion of thiophene functionalized nanotubes. This improvement in the device performance is attributed to an extension of the exciton dissociation volume and charge transport properties through the nanotube percolation network in P3HT/CNT, PCBM/CNT or both phases. This is believed to be due to more efficient dispersion of the functionalized nanotubes within the photoactive composite layer.
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(2011) 'Source-Gated Transistors for Versatile Large Area Electronic Circuit Design and Fabrication'. Semiconductor Technology for Ultra Large Scale Integrated Circuits and Thin Film Transistors 3 Edition. The Electrochemical Society ECS Transactions, USA: 37 (1), pp. 57-63.doi: 10.1149/1.3600724Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/129075/
Abstract
Source-gated transistors (SGTs) comprise a blocking contact or potential barrier at the source, which control the current. The paper describes how SGTs can be optimized for particular applications and for specific semiconductor material systems. It is shown how the saturation voltage can be designed to be an order of magnitude smaller than in equivalent FETs to give power savings of over 50% for the same current output. The SGT also achieves a better saturation regime, with lower output conductance over a larger range of drain voltages. Flat-panel lighting, remote sensing and signal processing and large-area circuits made using inexpensive but imprecise patterning techniques are some of the applications which could benefit from incorporating these devices.
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(2011) 'Raman analysis of oxide cladded silicon core nanowires grown with solid silicon feed stock'. SPRINGER JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH, 13 (7), pp. 2697-2703.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7830/
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(2011) 'High-resolution temperature sensing with source-gated transistors'. IEEE Device Research Conference (DRC), 2011 69th Annual, USA: , pp. 61-62.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/129074/
Abstract
Source-gated transistors (SGTs) are three-terminal devices in which the current is controlled by a potential barrier at the source. The gate voltage is used primarily to modulate the effective height of the source barrier. These devices have a number of operational advantages over conventional field-effect transistors, including a potentially much smaller saturation voltage and very low output conductance in saturation, which lead to low power operation and high intrinsic gain.
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(2011) 'Engineering the plasmon resonance of large area bimetallic nanoparticle films by laser nanostructuring for chemical sensors'. OPTICAL SOC AMER OPT LETT, 36 (8), pp. 1362-1364.doi: 10.1364/OL.36.001362Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7839/
Abstract
Large area fabrication of metal alloy nanoparticles with tunable surface plasmon resonances on low-cost substrates is reported. A UV excimer laser was used to anneal 5 nm thick Ag Au bilayer films deposited with different composition ratios to create alloy nanoparticles. These engineered surfaces are used to investigate how the wavelength of the surface plasmon resonance affects the optical detection capability of chemical species by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. (c) 2011 Optical Society of America
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(2011) 'Exact equipotential profile mapping: A self-validating method'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 109 (8) Article number ARTN 084527 doi: 10.1063/1.3582141
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(2011) 'Optimising DNA binding to carbon nanotubes by non-covalent methods'. Elsevier Carbon, 49 (5), pp. 1775-1781.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7818/
Abstract
The use of carbon nanotubes as a gene delivery system has been extensively studied in recent years owing to its potential advantages over viral vectors. To achieve this goal, carbon nanotubes have to be functionalized to become compatible with aqueous media and to bind the genetic material. To establish the best conditions for plasmid DNA binding, we compare the dispersion properties of single-, double- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs, DWCNTs and MWCNTs, respectively) functionalized with a variety of surfactants by non-covalent attachment. The DNA binding properties of the functionalized carbon nanotubes were studied and compared by electrophoresis. Furthermore, a bilayer functionalization method for DNA binding on SWCNTs was developed that utilized RNA-wrapping to solubilize the nanotubes and cationic polymers as a bridge between nanotubes and DNA.
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(2011) 'Laser ablation direct writing of metal nanoparticles for hydrogen and humidity sensors.'. American Chemical Society Langmuir, United States: 27 (3), pp. 1241-1244.doi: 10.1021/la1038574Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7299/
Abstract
A UV pulsed laser writing technique to fabricate metal nanoparticle patterns on low-cost substrates is demonstrated. We use this process to directly write nanoparticle gas sensors, which operate via quantum tunnelling of electrons at room temperature across the device. The advantages of this method are no lithography requirements, high precision nanoparticle placement, and room temperature processing in atmospheric conditions. Palladium-based nanoparticle sensors are tested for the detection of water vapor and hydrogen within controlled environmental chambers. The electrical conduction mechanism responsible for the very high sensitivity of the devices is discussed with regard to the interparticle capacitance and the tunnelling resistance.
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(2011) 'Spontaneous emergence of long-range shape symmetry'. Nano Letters, United States: 11 (1), pp. 160-163.doi: 10.1021/nl1032793
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(2011) 'Application of carbon nanotubes in polymer electrolyte based fuel cells'. Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, 29 (1), pp. 1-14.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7821/
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte based fuel cells (PEFCs) are always in the forefront of fuel cell revolution. Recently a wide variety of application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in PEFC components has been exploited. The impetus is to improve the PEFC performance by taking advantages of CNTs' extraordinary physical, chemical and electronic properties. Herein, we briefly review these efforts with an attempt to obtain a better understanding on the role of CNTs in PEFCs, and this article is structured as the following: the contribution of CNTs is first addressed in terms of improving the mechanical strength and proton conductivity of polymer electrolyte membrane; their role in electrocatalysis is then discussed with respect to facilitating the utilization of noble metal catalysts (platinum) and exploring the platinum-free catalysts; the consideration of CNTs as hydrogen storage materials is also highlighted. Based on the literatures studied, CNTs demonstrate great potential as multifunctional materials in improving PEFC performance.
- . (2011) 'Horizontal patterns of single wall carbon nanotubes by simple filtration method'. Trans Tech Publications Advanced Materials Research, 326, pp. 121-126.
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(2011) 'Performance trade-offs in polysilicon source-gated transistors'. Elsevier Solid-State Electronics, 65-66 (1), pp. 246-249.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7850/
Abstract
Self-aligned Schottky-source source-gated transistors (SGTs) have been made in polysilicon. The structures enable a direct comparison to be made between a SGT and a standard thin-film field-effect transistor (FET) on the same device. SGTs having excellent characteristics have been fabricated, with intrinsic gains approaching 10,000. The effects of bulk doping in the polysilicon and of the source barrier modification implant are considered in the context of the electrical output characteristics. It is shown that the choice of source length is a tradeoff between device speed and variations in current output due to variability during fabrication.
- . (2011) 'Photoluminescence Quenching in Carbon Nanotube-Polymer/Fullerene Films: Carbon Nanotubes as Exciton Dissociation Centres in Organic Photovoltaics.'. Wiley Advanced Materials, 23 (33), pp. 3796-3800.
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(2011) 'Growth of carbon nanotubes at temperatures compatible with integrated circuit technologies'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD CARBON, 49 (1), pp. 280-285.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735951/
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(2011) 'Excimer laser accelerated hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanocrystals & their electrical properties'. Applied Surface Science, 257 (12), pp. 5274-5277.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/13489/
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(2010) 'High-rate low-temperature growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 21 (50) Article number ARTN 505604 Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7831/
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(2010) 'Raman and FT-IR studies on dye-assisted dispersion and flocculation of single walled carbon nanotubes'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, 77 (1), pp. 175-178.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/738449/
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(2010) 'Laser-assisted hydrothermal growth of size-controlled ZnO nanorods for sensing applications'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 21 (36) Article number ARTN 365502 Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7298/
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(2010) 'Reversible functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with organic dyes'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD SCRIPTA MATERIALIA, 63 (6), pp. 645-648.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/738450/
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(2010) 'Morphology Control of Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals via Hybrid Laser/Hydrothermal Synthesis'. AMER CHEMICAL SOC JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C, 114 (30), pp. 12931-12937.doi: 10.1021/jp103356v
- . (2010) 'The growth of silica and silica-clad nanowires using a solid-state reaction mechanism on Ti, Ni and SiO2 layers'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 21 (29) Article number ARTN 295603
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(2010) 'Functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes incorporated polymer/fullerene hybrid photovoltaics'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 97 (3) Article number ARTN 033105 doi: 10.1063/1.3464970Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735953/
- . (2010) 'Catalyst and Chirality Dependent Growth of Carbon Nanotubes Determined Through Nano-Test Tube Chemistry'. WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH ADVANCED MATERIALS, 22 (33), pp. 3685-+.
- . (2010) 'Top-Down Heating for Low Substrate Temperature Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes'. AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY, 10 (6), pp. 3952-3958.
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(2010) 'The effects of phenolic hydrogens and methyl substitute groups in organic dyes on their dispersion of multiple-walled carbon nanotubes'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD CARBON, 48 (7), pp. 2063-2071.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735954/
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(2010) 'Higher Dispersion Efficacy of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes in Chemical and Biological Environments'. AMER CHEMICAL SOC ACS NANO, 4 (5), pp. 2615-2626.doi: 10.1021/nn100069kFull text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735955/
- . (2010) 'Characterization of carbon nanotube (MWCNT) containing P(3HB)/bioactive glass composites for tissue engineering applications'. ELSEVIER SCI LTD ACTA BIOMATERIALIA, 6 (3), pp. 735-742.
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(2010) 'Photo-Chemical Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanowires Induced by Pulsed Laser Ablation of Iron Powder in Liquid Media'. TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS, 119, pp. 45-54.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/734222/
- . (2010) 'Uptake and Release of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Mammalian Cells'. WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, 20 (19), pp. 3272-3279.
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(2010) 'Intrinsic Gain in Self-Aligned Polysilicon Source-Gated Transistors'. IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES, 57 (10), pp. 2434-2439.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7852/
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(2010) 'Polysilicon source-gated transistors for mixed-signal systems-on-panel'. Electrochemical Society ECS Transactions, 33 (5), pp. 419-424.doi: 10.1149/1.3481265Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7847/
Abstract
The performance benefits of using source-gated transistors (SGTs) in analog large-area electronic circuits are examined practically and via numerical simulations. In current mirror circuits made using thin-film technology, significant advantages are observed for SGT implementations. A comparison of current mirrors implemented with standard field effect transistors (FETs) and SGTs shows that the SGT version can operate at a lower voltage and has larger output dynamic range for a given device geometry. The results are explained in relation to the saturation mechanisms of the SGT and are supported by experimental measurements of polysilicon devices.
- . (2010) 'Low-temperature growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes inside nano test tubes'. Physica Status Solidi (B) Basic Research, 247 (11-12), pp. 2730-2733.
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(2010) 'Organic-Inorganic solar cells: Recent developments and outlook'. IEEE IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 16 (6), pp. 1595-1606.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735948/
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(2010) 'Platinum integrated graphene for methanol fuel cells'. American Chemical Society Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 114 (37), pp. 15837-15841.doi: 10.1021/jp105470s
- . (2009) 'Disentanglement of the electronic properties of metallicity-selected single-walled carbon nanotubes'. AMER PHYSICAL SOC PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 80 (20) Article number ARTN 205427
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(2009) 'Laser-induced self-assembly of iron oxide nanostructures with controllable dimensionality'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 106 (6) Article number ARTN 064309 doi: 10.1063/1.3224854Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/733929/
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(2009) 'Amorphous carbon and carbon nitride bottom gate thin film transistors'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 95 (10) Article number ARTN 102102 doi: 10.1063/1.3224834
- . (2009) 'Ultraviolet-illuminated fluoropolymer indium-tin-oxide buffer layers for improved power conversion in organic photovoltaics'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV ORGANIC ELECTRONICS, 10 (6), pp. 1178-1181.
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(2009) 'Triple functionalisation of single-walled carbon nanotubes with doxorubicin, a monoclonal antibody, and a fluorescent marker for targeted cancer therapy'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD CARBON, 47 (9), pp. 2152-2160.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735957/
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(2009) 'From Stems (and Stars) to Roses: Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Crystals'. AMER CHEMICAL SOC CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN, 9 (8), pp. 3432-3437.doi: 10.1021/cg8013333Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/734224/
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(2009) 'Interpretation of the field enhancement factor for electron emission from carbon nanotubes'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 106 (1) Article number ARTN 014314 doi: 10.1063/1.3149803
- . (2009) 'The fabrication and analysis of a PbS nanocrystal:C-60 bilayer hybrid photovoltaic system'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 20 (24) Article number ARTN 245202
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(2009) 'Two-step electron tunneling from confined electronic states in a nanoparticle'. AMER PHYSICAL SOC PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 79 (24) Article number ARTN 245429 Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/745441/
- . (2009) 'Electron transfer from a carbon nanotube into vacuum under high electric fields'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER, 21 (19) Article number ARTN 195302
- . (2009) 'Charge transfer between acenes and PbS nanocrystals'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 20 (19) Article number ARTN 195205
- . (2009) 'Oxidised carbon nanotubes as solution processable, high work function hole-extraction layers for organic solar cells'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV ORGANIC ELECTRONICS, 10 (3), pp. 388-395.
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(2009) 'Improved field emission via laser processing of carbon nanotubes on paper substrates'. A V S AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, 27 (3), pp. 1068-1071.doi: 10.1116/1.3123326Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/734223/
- . (2009) 'On the importance of the electrostatic environment for the transport properties of freestanding multiwall carbon nanotubes'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 20 (14) Article number ARTN 145202
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(2009) 'Pulsed laser deposited tetrahedral amorphous carbon with high sp(3) fractions and low optical bandgaps'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 105 (7) Article number ARTN 073521 doi: 10.1063/1.3095667Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/733930/
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(2009) 'Maximizing the electron field emission performance of carbon nanotube arrays'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 94 (13) Article number ARTN 133104 doi: 10.1063/1.3097239Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735958/
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(2009) 'Resonant behavior observed in electron field emission from acid functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 94 (12) Article number ARTN 123102 doi: 10.1063/1.3094755Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735959/
Abstract
Acid functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube ink was deposited onto carbon fiber fabric via dip coating. Repeatable staircaselike current-field curves were observed in the field emission data. These atypical curves are attributed to resonant tunneling through localized surface states in a quantum well structure, which arises due to the presence of the surface carboxylic functional group.
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(2009) 'Screening the Missing Electron: Nanochemistry in Action'. AMER PHYSICAL SOC PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 102 (4) Article number ARTN 046804 Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735960/
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(2009) 'Down-scaling of thin-film transistors: Opportunities and design challenges'. ECS Transactions, 22 (1), pp. 227-238.doi: 10.1149/1.3152980Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/728497/
Abstract
With the ever-increasing demands for integration of advanced electronic functions into large-area electronics, down-scaling of thin-film transistors (TFTs) becomes very necessary. The key device operational issues associated with TFT scaling, including short-channel effects (SCEs) and self-heating, are considered in this paper. Device structure engineering approaches are introduced to suppress the SCEs for designing short-channel TFTs with excellent digital and analog performance. And electro-thermal simulation results show that the self-heating in TFTs will be much more significant than that in silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) due to the substrate of poor thermal conductivity. Enhancing the heat dissipation by placement of metal heat pipe in the cap dielectric layers is proved to be an effective way to deal with the heating issues.
- . (2009) 'Nano engineered organic-inorganic material systems for photovoltaics'. Advanced Materials Research, 67, pp. 1-6.
- . (2008) 'Modification of charge transport in triphenyldiamine films induced by acid oxidized single-walled carbon nanotube interlayers'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 19 (48) Article number ARTN 485706
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(2008) 'Laser-induced decoration of carbon nanotubes with metal nanoparticles'. SPRINGER APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING, 93 (4), pp. 875-879.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/733936/
- . (2008) 'The role of the gas species on the formation of carbon nanotubes during thermal chemical vapour deposition'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 19 (44) Article number ARTN 445605
- . (2008) 'Reversible increase of photocurrents in excimer laser-crystallized silicon solar cells'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS, 92 (11), pp. 1378-1381.
- . (2008) 'On the elastic constants of amorphous carbon nitride'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, 17 (11), pp. 1850-1852.
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(2008) 'A fast sonochemical approach for the synthesis of solution processable ZnO rods'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 104 (7) Article number ARTN 074906 doi: 10.1063/1.2988295Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/733931/
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(2008) 'Registry-Induced Electronic Superstructure in Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, Associated with the Interaction between Two Graphene-Like Monolayers'. AMER CHEMICAL SOC ACS NANO, 2 (10), pp. 2113-2120.doi: 10.1021/nn800483k
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(2008) 'Evidence for Metal-Semiconductor Transitions in Twisted and Collapsed Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy'. AMER CHEMICAL SOC NANO LETTERS, 8 (10), pp. 3350-3356.doi: 10.1021/nl801782k
- . (2008) 'Capillary filling of single-walled carbon nanotubes with ferrocene in an organic solvent'. WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, 245 (10), pp. 1983-1985.
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(2008) 'Fluoropolymer indium-tin-oxide buffer layers for improved power conversion in organic photovoltaics'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 93 (13) Article number ARTN 133302 doi: 10.1063/1.2983742Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735961/
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(2008) 'Electronic state modification in laser deposited amorphous carbon films by the inclusion of nitrogen'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 104 (6) Article number ARTN 063701 doi: 10.1063/1.2977718Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/733932/
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(2008) 'Composite electrode of carbon nanotubes and vitreous carbon for electron field emission'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 104 (5) Article number ARTN 054303 doi: 10.1063/1.2974090Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735962/
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(2008) 'Current percolation in ultrathin channel nanocrystalline silicon transistors'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 93 (4) Article number ARTN 042105 doi: 10.1063/1.2965807Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735963/
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(2008) 'Measurement and validation of PbS nanocrystal energy levels'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 93 (4) Article number ARTN 043501 doi: 10.1063/1.2964203Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7795/
- . (2008) 'Harnessing the full potential of nanotechnology for wealth creation'. Nanotechnology Perceptions, 4 (2), pp. 87-92.
- . (2008) 'First human trials of a dry electrophysiology sensor using a carbon nanotube array interface'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL, 144 (2), pp. 275-279.
- . (2008) 'EXCIMER LASER CRYSTALLIZATION AND NANOSTRUCTURING OF AMORPHOUS SILICON FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS'. WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD NANO, 3 (3), pp. 117-126.
- . (2008) 'Improving switching performance of thin-film transistors in disordered silicon'. IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS, 29 (6), pp. 588-591.
- . (2008) 'Bulk electrical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes immobilized by dielectrophoresis: Evidence of metallic or semiconductor behavior'. WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH ELECTROPHORESIS, 29 (11), pp. 2266-2271.
- . (2008) 'Nanocrystalline silicon solar cells from excimer laser crystallization of amorphous silicon'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS, 92 (6), pp. 634-638.
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(2008) 'Continuous-flow laser synthesis of large quantities of iron oxide nanowires in solution'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 19 (20) Article number ARTN 205604 Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/733927/
- . (2008) 'Engineering - High-performance transistors by design'. AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE SCIENCE, 320 (5876), pp. 618-619.
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(2008) 'Electrical properties of pulsed UV laser irradiated amorphous carbon'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 92 (15) Article number ARTN 152104 doi: 10.1063/1.2908208
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(2008) 'Highly efficient near-infrared hybrid organic-inorganic nanocrystal electroluminescence device'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 92 (15) Article number ARTN 153311 doi: 10.1063/1.2909589Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7798/
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(2008) 'Secondary nanotube growth on aligned carbon nanofibre arrays or superior field emission'. AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY, 8 (4), pp. 2147-2150.doi: 10.1166/jnn.2008.069
- . (2008) 'INTER-LAYER INTERACTION IN DOUBLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES EVIDENCED BY SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY AND SPECTROSCOPY'. WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD NANO, 3 (2), pp. 65-73.
- . (2008) 'RBS/EBS/PIXE measurement of single-walled carbon nanotube modification by nitric acid purification treatment'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS, Univ Hyderabad, Sch Phys, Hyderabad, INDIA: 266 (8), pp. 1569-1573.
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(2008) 'Enhanced photovoltaic performance in nanoimprinted pentacene-PbS nanocrystal hybrid device'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 92 (9) Article number ARTN 093308 doi: 10.1063/1.2890848Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/735966/
- . (2008) 'The inner shell influence on the electronic structure of double-walled carbon nanotubes'. WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH ADVANCED MATERIALS, 20 (1), pp. 189-+.
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(2008) 'Low cost patterning of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) films to increase organic photovoltaic device efficiency'. American Institute of Physics Applied Physics Letters, 93 Article number 103301 doi: 10.1063/1.2973342Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/634725/
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(2008) 'Erratum: "Highly efficient near-infrared hybrid organic-inorganic nanocrystal electroluminescence device" [Appl. Phys. Lett.92, 153311 (2008)]'. American Institute of Physics Applied Physics Letters, 92 (20) Article number 209903 doi: 10.1063/1.2936181Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/639598/
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(2008) 'One-pot rapid low-cost synthesis of Pd-fullerite catalysts'. ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, 18 (40), pp. 4808-4813.doi: 10.1039/b807963c
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(2008) 'Characterisation of electron-beam deposited tungsten interconnects'. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 126 (1) Article number 012073 Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/732873/
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(2008) 'Controlled growth of true nanoscale single crystal fullerites for device applications'. ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, 18 (28), pp. 3319-3324.doi: 10.1039/b802417k
- . (2008) 'Organic-Inorganic Solar Cells: Recent Developments and Outlook'. IEEE IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 16 (6), pp. 1595-1606.
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(2008) 'Carbon nanotubes: a multi-functional material for organic optoelectronics'. ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, 18 (11), pp. 1183-1192.doi: 10.1039/b713527k
- . (2007) 'Enhancement of polymer luminescence by excitation-energy transfer from mufti-walled carbon nanotubes'. WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH SMALL, 3 (11), pp. 1927-1933.
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(2007) 'A simple and effective approach to improve the output linearity of switched-current AMOLED pixel circuitry'. IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS, 28 (10), pp. 887-889.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/423/
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(2007) 'A PbS nanocrystal-C-60 photovoltaic device for infrared light harvesting'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 91 (13) Article number ARTN 133506 doi: 10.1063/1.2790730Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7805/
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(2007) 'RF response of single-walled carbon nanotubes'. AMER CHEMICAL SOC NANO LETTERS, 7 (9), pp. 2672-2675.doi: 10.1021/nl0710598
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(2007) 'An efficient macromodeling approach for simulating carbon-nanotube field-emission triode devices in display applications'. IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS, 28 (8), pp. 710-712.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/278/
- . (2007) 'Electrical conduction and transmission coefficients of suspended multiwalled carbon nanotubes'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 18 (29) Article number ARTN 295203
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(2007) 'Laser direct write of silver nanoparticles from solution onto glass substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 91 (2) Article number ARTN 023107 doi: 10.1063/1.2753090Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/733928/
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(2007) 'Atomic and electronic structure in collapsed carbon nanotubes evidenced by scanning tunneling microscopy'. AMER PHYSICAL SOC PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 76 (3) Article number ARTN 035429 Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/338/
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(2007) 'Nanoimprinted large area heterojunction pentacene-C-60 photovoltaic device'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 90 (25) Article number ARTN 253502 doi: 10.1063/1.2749863Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7807/
- . (2007) 'Core-shell silver/silver chloride nanoparticles on carbon nanofibre arrays for bio-potential monitoring'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 18 (20) Article number ARTN 205502
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(2007) 'Nanostructured copper phthalocyanine-sensitized multiwall carbon nanotube films'. AMER CHEMICAL SOC LANGMUIR, 23 (11), pp. 6424-6430.doi: 10.1021/la070156d
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(2007) 'Efficient laser textured nanocrystalline silicon-polymer bilayer solar cells'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 90 (20) Article number ARTN 203514 doi: 10.1063/1.2739365Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/173/
- . (2007) 'The importance of oxygen-containing defects on carbon nanotubes for the detection of polar and non-polar vapours through hydrogen bond formation'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 18 (17) Article number ARTN 175701
- . (2007) 'The importance of oxygen-containing defects on carbon nanotubes for the detection of polar and non-polar vapours through hydrogen bond formation'. Nanotechnology, 18 (17)
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(2007) 'Inner-tube chirality determination for double-walled carbon nanotubes by scanning tunneling microscopy'. AMER CHEMICAL SOC NANO LETTERS, 7 (5), pp. 1232-1239.doi: 10.1021/nl070072p
- . (2007) 'Dielectrophoretic manipulation of fluorescing single-walled carbon nanotubes'. WILEY-BLACKWELL ELECTROPHORESIS, 28 (10), pp. 1495-1498.
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(2007) 'Use of an asymmetric pulse profile for higher crystalline volumes from excimer laser crystallization of amorphous silicon'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 90 (17) Article number ARTN 171912 doi: 10.1063/1.2731664Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/66/
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(2007) 'Field emission from multiwall carbon nanotubes on paper substrates'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 90 (17) Article number ARTN 173124 doi: 10.1063/1.2734379Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/211/
- . (2007) 'Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Bioglass (R) composite films containing carbon nanotubes'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 18 (7) Article number ARTN 075701
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(2007) 'Demonstration of an amorphous carbon tunnel diode'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 90 (8) Article number ARTN 082105 doi: 10.1063/1.2454512Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/420/
- . (2007) 'Tuning the work function of surface oxidised multi-wall carbon nanotubes via cation exchange'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 434 (1-3), pp. 92-95.
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(2007) 'Carbon nanotubes grown on In2O3 : Sn glass as large area electrodes for organic photovoltaics'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 90 (2) Article number ARTN 023105 doi: 10.1063/1.2431437Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/383/
- . (2007) 'Calculation of field enhancement factor and screening effects in carbon nanotube arrays'. IEEE 2007 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, Chicago, IL: , pp. 155-156.
- . (2007) 'Transport and field emission in carbon nanotube - Polymer composite cathodes'. Technical Digest of the 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference, IVNC 07, , pp. 187-188.
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(2007) 'Novel carbon nanotube based three terminal devices'. Technical Digest of the 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference, IVNC 07, , pp. 241-242.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1221/
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(2007) 'In-situ field emission characterisation of multi walled carbon nanotubes'. Technical Digest of the 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference, IVNC 07, , pp. 94-95.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1206/
- . (2007) 'Analysis of self-heating in poly-Si thin-film transistors and circuits by a self-consistent electro-thermal simulation approach'. ICSICT-2006: 2006 8th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology, Proceedings, , pp. 1398-1400.
- . (2007) 'Electrical properties and carrier transport mechanisms of nanometer-scale ultra-thin channel poly-Si transistors'. ICSICT-2006: 2006 8th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology, Proceedings, , pp. 194-196.
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(2007) 'Operation of a reversed pentacene-fullerene discrete heterojunction photovoltaic device 10.1063/1.2713345'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 90 (11) Article number ARTN 113505 doi: 10.1063/1.2713345Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/110181/
- . (2007) 'Effect of the nanostructure and surface chemistry on the gas adsorption properties of macroscopic multiwalled carbon nanotube ropes'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD CARBON, 45 (1), pp. 83-88.
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(2007) 'Efficient field emission from Li-salt functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes on flexible substrates'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 90 (1) Article number ARTN 013120 doi: 10.1063/1.2430091Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/286/
- . (2007) 'ENOBIO dry electrophysiology electrode; first human trial plus wireless electrode system'. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings, , pp. 6689-6693.
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(2007) 'Modelling of electron transfer from a carbon nanotube cap into the vacuum under high extraction fields'. Technical Digest of the 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference, IVNC 07, , pp. 48-49.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2540/
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(2006) 'Damage effects in Pyrex by CF4 reactive ion etching in dual RF-microwave plasmas'. INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET MICRO & NANO LETTERS, 1 (2), pp. 103-107.doi: 10.1049/mnl:20065059
- . (2006) 'Bandgap enhancement of layered nanocrystalline silicon from excimer laser crystallization'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 17 (21), pp. 5412-5416.
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(2006) 'Negative differential conductance observed in electron field emission from band gap modulated amorphous-carbon nanolayers'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 89 (19) Article number ARTN 193103 doi: 10.1063/1.2378492Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/733934/
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(2006) 'Silver-nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanoscaffolds: Application as a sensing platform'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 89 (18) Article number ARTN 183120 doi: 10.1063/1.2378431Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7688/
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(2006) 'Interpenetrating multiwall carbon nanotube electrodes for organic solar cells'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 89 (13) Article number ARTN 133117 doi: 10.1063/1.2357844Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/231/
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(2006) 'Water-soluble multiwall-carbon-nanotube-polythiophene composite for bilayer photovoltaics'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 89 (12) Article number ARTN 123115 doi: 10.1063/1.2356115Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/125/
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(2006) 'Polymer supported carbon nanotube arrays for field emission and sensor devices'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 89 (10) Article number ARTN 103113 doi: 10.1063/1.2345615Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/336/
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(2006) 'Controlled growth-reversal of catalytic carbon nanotubes under electron-beam irradiation.'. Nano Lett, United States: 6 (9), pp. 1837-1841.doi: 10.1021/nl060709p
- . (2006) 'Microstructure analyses of metal-filled carbon nanotubes synthesized by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition'. IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY, 5 (5), pp. 485-490.
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(2006) 'Structural and optoelectronic properties of C-60 rods obtained via a rapid synthesis route'. ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, 16 (37), pp. 3715-3720.doi: 10.1039/b609074e
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(2006) 'In situ electrode manipulation for three terminal field emission characterization of individual carbon nanotubes'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 89 (6) Article number ARTN 063111 doi: 10.1063/1.2335604Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/745620/
- . (2006) 'Mechanical and NH3 sensing properties of long multi-walled carbon nanotube ropes'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD CARBON, 44 (9), pp. 1821-1825.
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(2006) 'Demixing of solid-soluted Co-Pd binary alloy induced by microwave plasma hydrogen irradiation technique'. INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 2-LETTERS & EXPRESS LETTERS, 45 (29-32), pp. L860-L863.doi: 10.1143/JJAP.45.L860
- . (2006) 'In-plane large single-walled carbon nanotube films: In situ synthesis and field-emission properties'. WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH SMALL, 2 (8-9), pp. 1026-1030.
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(2006) 'Semiconducting phase of amorphous carbon-nickel composite films'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 89 (2) Article number ARTN 022113 doi: 10.1063/1.2216030Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/733935/
- . (2006) 'Generation of chemically unmodified pure single-walled carbon nanotubes by solubilizing with RNA and treatment with ribonuclease A'. WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH ADVANCED MATERIALS, 18 (12), pp. 1598-+.
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(2006) 'In situ and real time determination of metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes in suspension via dielectrophoresis'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 88 (24) Article number ARTN 243109 doi: 10.1063/1.2207501Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/3/
- . (2006) 'Electron field emission of carbon nanotubes on carbon felt'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 424 (1-3), pp. 151-155.
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(2006) 'Carbon based electronic materials: applications in electron field emission'. SPRINGER JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS, 17 (6), pp. 405-412.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7681/
- . (2006) 'Silver filled single-wall carbon nanotubes - synthesis, structural and electronic properties'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 17 (9), pp. 2415-2419.
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(2006) 'Field emission from multiwall carbon nanotubes prepared by electrodeposition without the use of a dispersant'. A V S AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, 24 (3), pp. 1362-1364.doi: 10.1116/1.2198855Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/110182/
- . (2006) 'Iron filled single-wall carbon nanotubes - A novel ferromagnetic medium'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 421 (1-3), pp. 129-133.
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(2006) 'The properties and deposition process of GaN films grown by reactive sputtering at low temperatures'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 99 (7) Article number ARTN 073503 doi: 10.1063/1.2186380Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/445/
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(2006) 'Subnanometer-resolved measurement of the tunneling effective mass using bulk plasmons'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 88 (12) Article number ARTN 122109 doi: 10.1063/1.2188593Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/745826/
- . (2006) 'Energy loss spectroscopic profiling across linear interfaces: The example of amorphous carbon superlattices'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV ULTRAMICROSCOPY, 106 (4-5), pp. 346-355.
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(2006) 'Laser-nanostructured Ag films as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 88 (8) Article number ARTN 081904 doi: 10.1063/1.2178387Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/745621/
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(2006) 'Electron field emission from composite electrodes of carbon nanotubes-boron-doped diamond and carbon felts'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 88 (8) Article number ARTN 083116 doi: 10.1063/1.2178247Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/322/
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(2006) 'Near edge x-ray absorption fine structure study of aligned pi-bonded carbon structures in nitrogenated ta-C films'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 99 (4) Article number ARTN 043511 doi: 10.1063/1.2173046Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/463/
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(2006) 'Improved optical and electrical properties of low-temperature sputtered GaN by hydrogenation'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 99 (3) Article number ARTN 036108 doi: 10.1063/1.2171780Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/239/
- . (2006) 'Nanotechnology: The science and engineering of tomorrow'. Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 34 (1), pp. 3-5.
- . (2006) 'Pulsed laser deposited Ag-Sio nanocomposite thin films for vacuum microelectronic applications'. IVNC and IFES 2006 - Technical Digest - l9th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference and 50th International Field Emission Symposium, , pp. 377-378.
- . (2006) 'Negative differential conductance observed in electron field emission from band gap modulated A-C nanolayers'. IVNC and IFES 2006 - Technical Digest - l9th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference and 50th International Field Emission Symposium, , pp. 199-200.
- . (2006) 'Generation of chemically unmodified pure single-walled carbon nanotubes by solubilizing with RNA and treatment with ribonuclease A'. Advanced Materials, 18 (12), pp. 1598-1602.
- . (2006) 'Electron field emission properties of co quantum dots in SiO matrix synthesised by ion implantation'. IVNC and IFES 2006 - Technical Digest - l9th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference and 50th International Field Emission Symposium, , pp. 47-48.
- .
(2006) 'Resonant tunnelling and fast switching in amorphous-carbon quantum-well structures'. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP NATURE MATERIALS, 5 (1), pp. 19-22.doi: 10.1038/nmat1551
- . (2006) 'ENOBIO - First tests of a dry electrophysiology electrode using carbon nanotubes'. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings, , pp. 1826-1829.
- . (2006) 'Highs and lows in nanotubes'. Physics World, 19 (6), pp. 9-9.
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(2006) 'Effects of nanoscale clustering in amorphous carbon'. SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN CARBON: THE FUTURE MATERIAL FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS, 100, pp. 137-152.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7680/
- . (2006) 'Determination of relative concentrations of metallic and semi-conducting SWNTs in suspension via dielectrophoresis'. 2006 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show - NSTI Nanotech 2006 Technical Proceedings, 1, pp. 110-112.
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(2005) 'Charge transport effects in field emission from carbon nanotube-polymer composites'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 87 (26) Article number ARTN 263105 doi: 10.1063/1.2158023Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/745622/
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(2005) 'Deployment of titanium thermal barrier for low-temperature carbon nanotube growth'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 87 (25) Article number ARTN 253115 doi: 10.1063/1.2150587Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/745823/
- . (2005) 'Surface induced bulk modifications of amorphous carbon nitride films by post-deposition oxygen and hydrogen plasma treatment'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA THIN SOLID FILMS, 491 (1-2), pp. 161-167.
- . (2005) 'Pulsed-laser-induced nanoscale island formation in thin metal-on-oxide films'. Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 72 (19)
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(2005) 'Investigation on the current nonuniformity in current-mode TFT active-matrix display pixel circuitry'. IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES, 52 (11), pp. 2379-2385.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/304/
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(2005) 'Study of the current stressing in nanomanipulated three-dimensional carbon nanotube structures'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 87 (3) Article number ARTN 033102 doi: 10.1063/1.1990268Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/86/
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(2005) 'Interpretation of enhancement factor in nonplanar field emitters'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 87 (1) Article number ARTN 013111 doi: 10.1063/1.1989443
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(2005) 'Novel catalysts, room temperature, and the importance of oxygen for the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes'. AMER CHEMICAL SOC NANO LETTERS, 5 (7), pp. 1209-1215.doi: 10.1021/nl050692vFull text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2651/
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(2005) 'Polyurea-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes: Synthesis, morphology, and Raman spectroscopy'. AMER CHEMICAL SOC JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B, 109 (24), pp. 11925-11932.doi: 10.1021/jp051642hFull text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2650/
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(2005) 'Effects of applying stress on the electron field emission properties in amorphous carbon thin films'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 86 (23) Article number ARTN 232102 doi: 10.1063/1.1940129Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/334/
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(2005) 'Growth and field emission properties of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 97 (11) Article number ARTN 114308 doi: 10.1063/1.1899225Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/15/
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(2005) 'Thickness dependence of properties of excimer laser crystallized nano-polycrystalline silicon'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 97 (11) Article number ARTN 114305 doi: 10.1063/1.1898444Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/8/
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(2005) 'Dielectric properties of WS2-coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes studied by energy-loss spectroscopic profiling'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 86 (6) Article number ARTN 063112 doi: 10.1063/1.1861985Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/151/
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(2005) 'Forming in hydrogenated amorphous silicon metal-semiconductor-metal devices using bipolar pulse stressing'. IEE-INST ELEC ENG ELECTRONICS LETTERS, 41 (2), pp. 98-100.doi: 10.1049/el:20057595
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(2005) 'Effect of ion bombardment and annealing on the electrical properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon metal-semiconductor-metal structures'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 97 (2) Article number ARTN 023519 doi: 10.1063/1.1834710Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/394/
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(2005) 'Dynamics of confined plumes during short and ultrashort pulsed laser ablation of graphite'. Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 72 (20)Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/742488/
Abstract
The optical emission from electronically excited C species in the ablation plume following the short (ns) and ultrashort (fs) UV pulsed laser ablation of graphite is studied. Wavelength, time and spatially resolved imaging of the plume, in background pressures of inert gases such as argon and helium, is performed. Analysis of images of optical emission from C+* ions and C2* radicals, yielded estimates of the apparent velocity of emitting species, which appear to arise both from the initial ablation event and, in the presence of background gas, mainly from impact excitation. At elevated background pressures of argon (PAr), the formation and propagation of a shock wave is observed for ns pulses, whereas for fs pulses, the propagation of two shock waves is observed. During fs ablation, the first shock wave we associate with an initial burst of highly energetic/electronically excited ablated components, indicative of an enhanced fraction of non-thermal ejection mechanisms when compared with ns ablation. The second shock wave we associate with subsequently ejected, slower moving, material. Concurrent with the plume dynamics investigations, nanostructured amorphous carbon materials were deposited by collecting the ablated material. By varying PAr from 5 to 340 mTorr, the film morphology could be changed from mirror smooth, through a rough nanostructured phase and, at the highest background pressures for ns pulses, to a low density cluster-assembled material. The evident correlations between the film structure, the mean velocities of the emitting C species, and their respective dependences upon PAr are discussed for both pulse durations. In addition, we comment on the effect of observed initial plume dynamics on the subsequent C cluster formation in the expanding plume. © 2005 The American Physical Society.
- . (2005) 'Quantum size dependence of electron distribution on carbon nanotubes and its influence on field emission'. Technical Digest of the 18th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference, IVNC 2005, 2005, pp. 87-88.
- . (2005) 'Carbon nanotubes and nanostructures grown at low temperatures below 400°C'. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 901, pp. 511-522.
- . (2005) 'Dendrimer assisted catalytic growth of mats of multiwall carbon nanofibers'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD CARBON, 43 (10), pp. 2229-2231.
- . (2005) 'Carbon spheres generated in 'dusty plasmas''. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD CARBON, 43 (4), pp. 704-708.
- . (2005) 'The electron field emission properties of Ag-SiO nanocomposite layers'. Technical Digest of the 18th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference, IVNC 2005, 2005, pp. 206-207.
- . (2005) 'Improving electron emission properties of SiC layers by introducing electrically conductive clusters using ion implantation'. Technical Digest of the 18th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference, IVNC 2005, 2005, pp. 54-55.
- . (2005) 'Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as platforms for the design of Biosensors'. 2005 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show - NSTI Nanotech 2005 Technical Proceedings, , pp. 426-429.
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(2005) 'Metal oxides and low temperature SWCNT synthesis via laser evaporation'. AIP Conference Proceedings, 786, pp. 77-80.doi: 10.1063/1.2103825
- . (2005) 'DNA/RNA purified single walled carbon nanotubes on self-assembled networks'. 2005 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show - NSTI Nanotech 2005 Technical Proceedings, , pp. 250-253.
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(2005) 'Silver intercalated carbon nanotubes'. AIP Conference Proceedings, 786, pp. 236-239.doi: 10.1063/1.2103860
- . (2005) 'Field emission from multiwall carbon nanotubes prepared by electrodeposition without the use of a dispersant'. Technical Digest of the 18th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference, IVNC 2005, 2005, pp. 304-305.
- . (2005) 'Metal incorporation into nanoporous carbon'. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 876, pp. 256-261.
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(2005) 'Electron field emission from a single carbon nanotube: Effects of anode location'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 87 (10) Article number ARTN 103112 doi: 10.1063/1.2041824
- . (2005) 'Active-matrix addrsssing for carbon nanotube field emission displays'. Proceedings of the Second Americas Display Engineering and Applications Conference, ADEAC 2005, , pp. 366-368.
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(2005) 'Polyurea-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes: Synthesis, morphology, and Raman spectroscopy'. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 109 (24), pp. 11925-11932.doi: 10.1021/jp051642h
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(2004) 'Room temperature photoluminescence from nanostructured amorphous carbon'. Applied Physics Letters, 85 (25), pp. 6236-6238.doi: 10.1063/1.1839641Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/745626/
Abstract
Visible room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) was observed from hydrogen-free nanostructured amorphous carbon films deposited by pulsed laser ablation in different background pressures of argon (PAr). By varying PAr from 5 to 340 mTorr, the film morphology changed from smooth to rough and at the highest pressures, low-density filamentary growth was observed. Over the same pressure regime an increase in the ordering of s p2 bonded C content was observed using visible Raman spectroscopy. The origin of the PL is discussed in terms of improved carrier localization within an increased s p2 rich phase. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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(2004) 'Disorder, clustering, and localization effects in amorphous carbon'. AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 70 (23) Article number ARTN 235417 Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/742235/
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(2004) 'Highly photoconductive amorphous carbon nitride films prepared by cyclic nitrogen radical sputtering'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 85 (14), pp. 2803-2805.doi: 10.1063/1.1792384Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/4/
- . (2004) 'Nanoengineering of materials for field emission display technologies'. IEE-INST ELEC ENG IEE PROCEEDINGS-CIRCUITS DEVICES AND SYSTEMS, 151 (5), pp. 489-496.
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(2004) 'Branched carbon nanofiber network synthesis at room temperature using radio frequency supported microwave plasmas'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 96 (6), pp. 3443-3446.doi: 10.1063/1.1775300Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/433/
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(2004) 'Thermionic emission from defective carbon nanotubes'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 85 (11), pp. 2065-2067.doi: 10.1063/1.1790597Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/159/
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(2004) 'Circuit simulation of current-modulated field emission display pixel driver based on carbon nanotubes'. IEE-INST ELEC ENG ELECTRONICS LETTERS, 40 (18), pp. 1113-1115.doi: 10.1049/el:20045068
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(2004) 'Excimer laser nanostructuring of nickel thin films for the catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 84 (20), pp. 4035-4037.doi: 10.1063/1.1751226Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/745624/
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(2004) 'Electron field emission from room temperature grown carbon nanofibers'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 95 (6), pp. 3153-3157.doi: 10.1063/1.1647261Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/745625/
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(2004) 'Lithography-free high aspect ratio submicron quartz columns by reactive ion etching'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 84 (8), pp. 1362-1364.doi: 10.1063/1.1647280Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/468/
- . (2004) 'Growth kinetics changes of vertically aligned carbon nanostructures syntheslsed at low substrate temperatures'. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 858, pp. 91-96.
- . (2003) 'Formation of low-temperature self-organized nanoscale nickel metal islands'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 14 (11) Article number PII S0957-4484(03)66225-2 , pp. 1223-1227.
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(2003) 'Thermal expansion coefficient of hydrogenated amorphous carbon'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 83 (15), pp. 3099-3101.doi: 10.1063/1.1619557Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2524/
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(2003) 'Electrical transport within polymeric amorphous carbon thin films and the effects of ion implantation'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 94 (7), pp. 4470-4476.doi: 10.1063/1.1602953Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2538/
- . (2003) 'Properties of nanocrystalline GaN films deposited by reactive sputtering'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, 12 (8), pp. 1417-1421.
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(2003) 'Polymeric amorphous carbon as p-type window within amorphous silicon solar cells'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 82 (22), pp. 3979-3981.doi: 10.1063/1.1580636Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2523/
- . (2003) 'Comparison of the X-ray photoelectron and electron-energy-loss spectra of the nitrogen-doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon bond'. TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE, 83 (16), pp. 1937-1947.
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(2003) 'Effects of ion implantation on electron centers in hydrogenated amorphous carbon films'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 93 (10), pp. 5905-5910.doi: 10.1063/1.1564280Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/745627/
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(2002) 'Large-area synthesis of carbon nanofibres at room temperature'. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP NATURE MATERIALS, 1 (3), pp. 165-168.doi: 10.1038/nmat755
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(2002) 'Reactive ion etching of quartz and Pyrex for microelectronic applications'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 92 (7), pp. 3624-3629.doi: 10.1063/1.1503167Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/745628/
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(2002) 'Stress-induced electron emission from nanocomposite amorphous carbon thin films'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 81 (5), pp. 853-855.doi: 10.1063/1.1497442Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2521/
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(2002) 'Electron field emission from excimer laser crystallized amorphous silicon'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 80 (22), pp. 4154-4156.doi: 10.1063/1.1482141Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2522/
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(2002) 'Field emission from nonaligned carbon nanotubes embedded in a polystyrene matrix'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 80 (17), pp. 3189-3191.doi: 10.1063/1.1474608
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(2002) 'Targeting mass-selected cluster ions for the deposition of advanced carbonaceous materials using an inductively coupled plasma'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 91 (4), pp. 1819-1827.doi: 10.1063/1.1435417Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2536/
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(2002) 'Electron field emission from excimer laser crystallized amorphous silicon'. Applied Physics Letters, 80 (22), pp. 4154-4156.doi: 10.1063/1.1482141
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(2002) 'Targeting mass-selected cluster ions for the deposition of advanced carbonaceous materials using an inductively coupled plasma'. Journal of Applied Physics, 91 (3), pp. 1819-1827.doi: 10.1063/1.1435417
- . (2001) 'Field emission from amorphous semiconductors'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS, 45 (6), pp. 1017-1024.
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(2001) 'Origin of electric field enhancement in field emission from amorphous carbon thin films'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 78 (16), pp. 2339-2341.doi: 10.1063/1.1366369
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(2001) 'Electron delocalization in amorphous carbon by ion implantation'. AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 63 (12) Article number ARTN 121201 Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/745629/
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(2001) 'Conditioning of hydrogenated amorphous carbon thin films for field emission via current stressing'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 78 (3), pp. 347-349.doi: 10.1063/1.1339999Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/745630/
- . (2001) 'Conditioning of hydrogenated amorphous carbon thin films for field emission via current stressing'. http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v78/i3/p347_s1 Applied Physics Letters, 78, pp. 347-349.
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(2001) 'Super sequential lateral growth of Nd : YAG laser crystallized hydrogenated amorphous silicon'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 78 (2), pp. 186-188.doi: 10.1063/1.1337627Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2520/
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(2000) 'Electron-energy-loss spectroscopy characterization of the sp(2) bonding fraction within carbon thin films'. AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 62 (19), pp. 12628-12631.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2492/
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(2000) 'Photoluminescence from polymer-like hydrogenated and nitrogenated amorphous carbon films'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 88 (9) Article number PII [S0021-8979(00)01122-1] , pp. 5175-5179.doi: 10.1063/1.1314620
- . (2000) 'Ion-implantation into amorphous hydrogenated carbon films'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS, 276 (1-3), pp. 201-205.
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(2000) 'Influence of sp(2) clusters on the field emission properties of amorphous carbon thin films'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 77 (13) Article number PII [S0003-6951(00)01639-9] , pp. 2006-2008.doi: 10.1063/1.1312202Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/742237/
- . (2000) 'Amorphous semiconductors for cold cathodes: a route to large-area flat-panel displays'. Journal of the Society for Information Display, 8 (1), pp. 17-21.
- . (2000) 'EPR linewidth variation, spin relaxation times, and exchange in amorphous hydrogenated carbon'. Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 61 (5), pp. 3546-3554.
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(1999) 'Thermal stability of plasma deposited thin films of hydrogenated carbon-nitrogen alloys'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 86 (11), pp. 6276-6281.doi: 10.1063/1.371685
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(1999) 'Electron field emission from surface treated tetrahedral amorphous carbon films'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 74 (6), pp. 833-835.doi: 10.1063/1.123383Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2390/
- . (1999) 'Enhancing the field emission properties of amorphous carbon films by thermal annealing'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA THIN SOLID FILMS, 337 (1-2), pp. 257-260.
- . (1999) 'RES and ERDA study of ion beam synthesised amorphous gallium nitride'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS, ROYAL TROP INST, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS: 148 (1-4), pp. 463-467.
- . (1999) 'RBS and ERDA study of ion beam synthesised amorphous gallium nitride'. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 148 (1-4), pp. 463-467.
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(1998) 'A study of electron field emission as a function of film thickness from amorphous carbon films'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 73 (25), pp. 3784-3786.doi: 10.1063/1.122894Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2452/
- . (1998) 'Properties of nitrogen doped tetrahedral amorphous carbon films prepared by filtered cathodic vacuum are technique'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS, 242 (1), pp. 40-48.
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(1998) 'Fullerene and nanotube formation in cool terrestrial "dusty plasmas"'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 73 (21), pp. 3082-3084.doi: 10.1063/1.122679Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2453/
- . (1998) 'Ion-beam synthesis of amorphous gallium nitride'. TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS, 78 (4), pp. 319-324.
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(1998) 'Nitrogen doping of amorphous carbon thin films'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 84 (4), pp. 2071-2081.doi: 10.1063/1.368268Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2488/
- . (1998) 'Fullerene-like carbon nanoparticles generated by radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition'. TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS, 78 (1), pp. 15-19.
- . (1998) 'Controlling mechanisms for field-induced electron emission from diamond-like carbon films'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV ULTRAMICROSCOPY, NATL RES INST MET, TSUKUBA, JAPAN: 73 (1-4), pp. 51-57.
- . (1998) 'Terahertz multi-chip module (T-MCM) technology for the 21 century?'. IEE Colloquium (Digest), (231)
- . (1998) 'Electron field emission from amorphous silicon'. Proceedings of the IEEE International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference, IVMC, , pp. 285-286.
- . (1998) 'Modelling of the electron field emission process in polycrystalline diamond-like carbon thin films'. Proceedings of the IEEE International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference, IVMC, , pp. 176-177.
- . (1997) 'Stoichiometric limitations of RF plasma deposited amorphous silicon-nitrogen alloys'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA THIN SOLID FILMS, 311 (1-2), pp. 133-137.
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(1997) 'Stress-induced formation of high-density amorphous carbon thin films'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 82 (12), pp. 6024-6030.doi: 10.1063/1.366469Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2443/
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(1997) 'Self-texturing of nitrogenated amorphous carbon thin films for electron field emission'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 71 (11), pp. 1477-1479.doi: 10.1063/1.119975Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2377/
- . (1997) 'Mechanical properties and Raman spectra of tetrahedral amorphous carbon films with high sp(3) fraction deposited using a filtered cathodic arc'. TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES, 76 (3), pp. 351-361.
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(1997) 'Nitrogen modification of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 81 (6), pp. 2626-2634.doi: 10.1063/1.363927Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2389/
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(1997) 'Influence of ion energy and substrate temperature on the optical and electronic properties of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) films'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 81 (1), pp. 139-145.doi: 10.1063/1.364000Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2442/
- . (1996) 'Structure and luminescence properties of an amorphous hydrogenated carbon'. TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES, 74 (4), pp. 369-386.
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(1996) 'Nanocrystallites in tetrahedral amorphous carbon films (vol 69, pg 491, 1996)'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 69 (13), pp. 1980-1980.doi: 10.1063/1.118154
- . (1996) 'Properties of cadmium sulphide films grown by single-source metalorganic chemical vapour deposition with dithiocarbamate precursors'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH, 167 (1-2), pp. 133-142.
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(1996) 'Raman spectroscopy on amorphous carbon films'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 80 (1), pp. 440-447.doi: 10.1063/1.362745Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2374/
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(1996) 'Low-threshold cold cathodes made of nitrogen-doped chemical-vapour-deposited diamond'. MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD NATURE, 381 (6578), pp. 140-141.doi: 10.1038/381140a0
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(1996) 'Influence of precursor gases on the structure of plasma deposited amorphous hydrogenated carbon-nitrogen films'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 68 (19), pp. 2645-2647.doi: 10.1063/1.116268Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2370/
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(1996) 'Characterization of C:H:N deposition from CH4/N-2 rf plasmas using optical emission spectroscopy'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 79 (9), pp. 7227-7233.doi: 10.1063/1.361439Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2376/
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(1996) 'Properties of carbon ion deposited tetrahedral amorphous carbon films as a function of ion energy'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 79 (9), pp. 7234-7240.doi: 10.1063/1.361440
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(1996) 'Nitrogen containing hydrogenated amorphous carbon for thin-film field emission cathodes'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 68 (18), pp. 2529-2531.doi: 10.1063/1.116173Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2369/
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(1996) 'Hardness, elastic modulus, and structure of very hard carbon films produced by cathodic-arc deposition with substrate pulse biasing'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 68 (6), pp. 779-781.doi: 10.1063/1.116530Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2372/
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(1996) 'Tetrahedral amorphous carbon films prepared by magnetron sputtering and dc ion plating'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 79 (3), pp. 1416-1422.doi: 10.1063/1.360979Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2373/
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(1995) 'DIRECT OBSERVATION OF COMPOSITIONALLY HOMOGENEOUS A-C-H BAND-GAP-MODULATED SUPERLATTICES'. AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 75 (23), pp. 4258-4261.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2368/
- . (1995) 'TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON-FILMS DEPOSITED ON SILICON USING RF PLASMA-ENHANCED CVD'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, 73 (1-2), pp. 132-136.
- .
(1995) 'Nitrogen containing hydrogenated amorphous carbon for thin-film field emission cathodes'. Applied Physics Letters, , pp. 2529-2529.doi: 10.1063/1.116173
- .
(1995) 'Hardness, elastic modulus, and structure of very hard carbon films produced by cathodic-arc deposition with substrate pulse biasing'. Applied Physics Letters, , pp. 779-779.doi: 10.1063/1.116530
- .
(1995) 'Influence of precursor gases on the structure of plasma deposited amorphous hydrogenated carbon-nitrogen films'. Applied Physics Letters, , pp. 2645-2645.doi: 10.1063/1.116268
- . (1994) 'USE OF SPACE-CHARGE-LIMITED CURRENT TO EVALUATE THE ELECTRONIC DENSITY-OF-STATES IN DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON THIN-FILMS'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE THIN SOLID FILMS, 253 (1-2), pp. 146-150.
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(1994) 'QUANTUM SIZE EFFECTS IN AMORPHOUS DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON SUPERLATTICES'. JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS, 33 (12A), pp. 6458-6465.doi: 10.1143/JJAP.33.6458
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(1994) 'EVIDENCE OF HEXAGONAL DIAMOND IN PLASMA-DEPOSITED CARBON-FILMS'. KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE, 29 (19), pp. 4962-4966.doi: 10.1007/BF01151085
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(1993) 'PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY IN HIGHLY TETRAHEDRAL DIAMOND-LIKE AMORPHOUS-CARBON'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 63 (3), pp. 370-372.doi: 10.1063/1.110046Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2367/
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Conference papers
- . (2011) 'Source-gated transistors for improved current-mode pixel drivers'. Kunshan, China: SID Asia Display / China Display 2011
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(2011) 'Effect of transparent electrode on the performance of bulk heterojunction solar cells'. MRS San Francisco: MRS Spring Meeting 2010 1270Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/732737/
Abstract
We present a performance comparison of polythiophene/fullerene derivative bulk heterojunction solar cells fabricated on fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) and indium tin oxide (ITO) in the presence and absence of the commonly used poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole extraction layer. From a potential commercial perspective the performance of cheaper and more readily available FTO compares well with the more expensive ITO in terms of measured device efficiency (FTO:2.8 % and ITO:3.1%). The devices show similar fill factors (FTO:63% and ITO:64%) with the same open circuit voltage of 0.6 V. The short circuit current density is lower for FTO devices at 7.5 mA/cm2 which compares with 8.0 mA/cm2 for ITO; a behaviour that is mainly attributed to the reduced optical transmission of the FTO layer. Importantly, these devices were part fabricated and wholly characterized under atmospheric conditions. The quoted device performance is the best reported for FTO based bulk heterojunction systems in the absence of the highly acidic PEDOT:PSS hole extraction layer, which is believed to degrade conductive oxides.
- . (2010) 'Direct catalytic growth of high-density carbon nanotubes on nanoclusters at low temperatures'. Proceedings - 2010 8th International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference and Nanocarbon, IVESC 2010 and NANOcarbon 2010, , pp. 389-389.
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(2010) 'Performance trade-offs in polysilicon source-gated transistors'. 2010 Proceedings of the European Solid State Device Research Conference, ESSDERC 2010, , pp. 222-225.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7848/
Abstract
Self-aligned Schottky-source source-gated transistors (SGTs) have been made in polysilicon. The structures enable a direct comparison to be made between a SGT and a standard thin-film field-effect transistor (FET) on the same device. SGTs having excellent characteristics have been fabricated, with intrinsic gains approaching 10,000. The effects of bulk doping in the polysilicon and of the source barrier modification implant are considered in the context of the electrical output characteristics. It is shown that the choice of source length is a tradeoff between device speed and current uniformity. ©2010 IEEE.
- . (2010) 'P2-29: Electron tunneling from a 3D nano-sphere'. 23rd International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference, Palo Alto, USA: IVNC 2010, pp. 179-180.
- . (2010) 'Carbon nanotube field effect transistor measurements in vacuum'. IEEE International Conference on Semiconductor Electronics, Proceedings, ICSE, , pp. 224-228.
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(2010) 'Performance improvements in polysilicon source-gated transistors'. IEEE DRC Conference Digest, Indiana, USA: 68th Device Research Conference, pp. 245-246.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7849/
Abstract
The source-gated transistor (SGT) is a new type of transistor in which the current is controlled by a potential barrier at the source and by a gate which modulates the effective height of the source barrier. It is an ideal device architecture to be used with the low mobility materials typically applied to large area electronics, as it provides low saturation voltages and high output impedances. Furthermore, the high internal fields and low concentration of excess carriers lead to higher speed and better stability compared with FETs, particularly in disordered, low mobility semiconductors. As such, the SGT is especially well suited to thin-film analog circuits.
- . (2010) 'GeTe-filled carbon nanotubes for data storage applications'. Cambridge University Press MRS Proceedings, California, USA: 2010 MRS Spring Meeting: Symposium H – Phase-Change Materials for Memory and Reconfigurable Electronics Applications 1251, pp. 19-24.
- . (2010) 'Influence of Structural Defects on the Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Examined by Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy'. Semiconductor Nanowires - Growth, Physics, Devices, and Applications, San Francisco, CA: Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Spring Meeting Volume 1258, 1258-R05-21
- . (2010) 'Interfacial energy level alignment at acid oxidised carbon nanotube - Triphenyldiamine contacts'. Cambridge University Press MRS Proceedings, San Francisco, USA: 2010 MRS Spring Meeting: Symposia P/Q/R – Low-Dimensional Functional Nanostructures-Fabrication, Characterization and Applications 1258, pp. 253-259.
- . (2010) 'Enhanced performance from acid functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes in the active layer of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells'. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 1270, pp. 61-66.
- .
(2010) 'Properties of source-gated transistors in polysilicon'. 6th Conference on Ph.D. Research in Microelectronics and Electronics, PRIME 2010, Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7845/
Abstract
This paper describes some of the performance characteristics of self-aligned polysilicon Schottky Source-Gated Transistors (SGTs) made on glass by laser annealing of amorphous silicon. The threshold and Schottky barrier height are tuned by varying the dose of dopants in the bulk and under the source respectively. These devices are well suited for analog applications owing to their low saturation voltage, low drain field dependence of the current and intrinsic gain which is in excess of 1000 for well designed structures. Double drain operation leads to f ≈100MHz for non-optimized devices.
- . (2009) 'Electronic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes encapsulating a cerium organometallic compound'. WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Kirchberg, GERMANY: 23rd Winterschool on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials 246 (11-12), pp. 2626-2630.
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(2009) 'Effects of process variations on the current in Schottky Barrier Source-Gated Transistors'. IEEE Proceedings of the International Semiconductor Conference (CAS), Sinaia, Romania: CAS 2009 2, pp. 413-416.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7851/
Abstract
The sensitivity of the drain current in Schottky barrier source-gated transistors to process variation is studied using computer simulations. It is shown that provided the device is designed correctly, the current is independent of source-drain separation and is insensitive to source length variations. However, uniform insulator thickness and precise control of the source barrier is needed if good current uniformity is to be obtained.
- .
(2009) 'Sequential and resonant field emission from nano-structured cathodes'. Technical Digest - 2009 22nd International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference, IVNC 2009, , pp. 105-106.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/733921/
- . (2009) 'Nano Engineered Organic-Inorganic Material Systems for Photovoltaics'. TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD NANOMATERIALS AND DEVICES: PROCESSING AND APPLICATIONS, Indian Inst Technol, Roorkee, INDIA: International Conference on Nanomaterials and Devices 67, pp. 1-6.
- . (2008) 'Microstructure and local magnetic induction of segmented and alloyed Pd/Co nanocomposites encapsulated inside vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, Berlin, GERMANY: 18th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide 17 (7-10), pp. 1525-1528.
- . (2008) 'The Guardian Angel Project: Using an unobtrusive Wireless Sensor Network System to Improve Health and Well-being in the 21st Century'. Montpellier, France: NT08, Ninth International Conference on the Science and Application of Nanotubes
- .
(2008) 'Design of carbon nanotubes for large-area electron field-emission cathodes'. SOC INFORMATION DISPLAY JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA: Asia Display 2007 International Conference (AD'07) 16 (5), pp. 615-624.doi: 10.1889/1.2918082
- . (2008) 'Engineering the shape of zinc oxide crystals via sonochemical or hydrothermal solution-based methods'. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 1087, pp. 59-65.
- .
(2008) 'In situ field emission characterization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes'. A V S AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, Chicago, IL: 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference 26 (2), pp. 842-846.doi: 10.1116/1.2837895
- .
(2008) 'Improving the electron emission properties of ion-beam-synthesized Ag-SiO2 nanocomposites by pulsed laser annealing'. A V S AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, Chicago, IL: 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference 26 (2), pp. 860-863.doi: 10.1116/1.2824970
- . (2008) 'Band-Gap Modification Induced in HgTe by Dimensional Constraint in Carbon Nanotubes: Effect of Nanotube Diameter on Microstructure'. SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN MICROSCOPY OF SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS 2007, Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, ENGLAND: 15th Conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials 120, pp. 213-216.
- . (2008) 'Influences of hydrogen gas on carbon nanotube growth'. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 1081, pp. 87-93.
- .
(2008) 'Characterisation of electron-beam deposited tungsten interconnects'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD EMAG: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007, Glasgow Caledonian Univ, Glasgow, SCOTLAND: Electron Microscopy and Analysis Group Conference 126Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/732874/
- . (2008) 'Organic:PbS-nanocrystal:fullerene hybrid photovoltaics'. Cambridge University Press MRS Proceedings, San Francisco, USA: 2008 MRS Spring Meeting: Symposium LL – Energy Harvesting–From Fundamentals to Devices 1102, pp. 59-65.
- . (2008) 'Gas Sensing Properties of Vapour-Deposited Tungsten Oxide Nanostructures'. SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN MICROSCOPY OF SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS 2007, Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, ENGLAND: 15th Conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials 120, pp. 281-284.
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(2008) 'In-situ electrical characterisation of suspended multiwalled carbon nanotubes'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD EMAG: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007, Glasgow Caledonian Univ, Glasgow, SCOTLAND: Electron Microscopy and Analysis Group Conference 126Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/733192/
- . (2008) 'In-situ electrical characterisation of suspended multiwalled carbon nanotubes'. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 126
- . (2008) 'Higher crystalline volume yields from excimer laser crystallization of amorphous silicon with an asymmetrical peak pulse profile'. TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTONICS: NANO-STRUCTURED MATERIALS AND DEVICES, Singapore, SINGAPORE: Symposium on Semiconductor Photonics - Nano-Structured Materials and Devices 31, pp. 185-188.
- . (2008) 'The Dielectric Properties of Co-Implanted SiO(2) Investigated Using Spatially-Resolved EELS'. SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN MICROSCOPY OF SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS 2007, Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, ENGLAND: 15th Conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials 120, pp. 341-344.
- . (2007) 'Electrical conduction mechanism in laser deposited amorphous carbon'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA THIN SOLID FILMS, San Diego, CA: 34th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films 516 (2-4), pp. 257-261.
- . (2007) 'The structural and electron field emission properties of ion-beam-synthesised metallic-dielectric nanocomposites'. INST PROBLEMS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING-RUSSIAN ACAD SCIENCES REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE, Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, POLAND: Fall Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society 15 (3), pp. 179-184.
- . (2007) 'Surface morphology and evolution of amorphous carbon thin films'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, Heraclion, GREECE: 6th Specialists Meeting on Amorphous Carbon (SMAC) 16 (10), pp. 1777-1781.
- . (2007) 'Switching behaviour and high frequency response of amorphous carbon double-barrier structures'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS, Nice, FRANCE: Symposium on Current Trends in Nanoscience - From Materials to Applications held at the 2006 E-MRS Spring Meeting 27 (5-8), pp. 957-960.
- . (2007) 'Electron field emission properties of Co quantum dots in SiO2 matrix synthesised by ion implantation'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV ULTRAMICROSCOPY, Guilin, PEOPLES R CHINA: Joint 50th International Field Emission Symposium/19th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference 107 (9), pp. 819-824.
- . (2007) 'Metal nanoparticle production by pulsed laser nanostructuring of thin metal films'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, Nice, FRANCE: Symposium on Photon-Assisted Synthesis and Processing of Functional Materials held at the 2006 EMRS Spring Meeting 253 (19), pp. 8080-8085.
- . (2007) 'Modelling of electron transfer from a carbon nanotube cap into the vacuum under high extraction fields'. IEEE 2007 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, Chicago, IL: 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference, pp. 42-43.
- . (2007) 'Encapsluation of Co and Pd multi-metal nanowires inside multiwalled carbon nanotubes by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, Estoril, PORTUGAL: 17th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide 16 (4-7), pp. 1200-1203.
- . (2007) 'A multi-wall carbon nanotube-molecular semiconductor composite for bi-layer organic solar cells'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES, Nice, FRANCE: European Materials Research Symposium on Science and Technology of Nanotube and Nanowires 37 (1-2), pp. 124-127.
- . (2007) 'Improving the electron emission properties of ion-beam-synthesized Ag-SiO2 nanocomposites by pulsed laser annealing'. IEEE 2007 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, Chicago, IL: 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference, pp. 91-92.
- . (2007) 'Large area electron field emission cathodes'. EAST CHINA NORMAL UNIVERSITY AD'07: Proceedings of Asia Display 2007, Vols 1 and 2, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA: Asia Display 2007 International Conference (AD'07), pp. 628-628.
- . (2007) 'Novel carbon nanotube based three terminal devices'. IEEE 2007 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, Chicago, IL: 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference, pp. 214-215.
- . (2007) 'Laser ablation of thin carbon nanotube films on glass substrates as transparent field emitters'. IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, Kitakyushu, JAPAN: 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, pp. 329-330.
- . (2007) 'Laser annealing of sputtered silicon for wafer-bonding applications'. NATL INST OPTOELECTRONICS JOURNAL OF OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS, Varna, BULGARIA: 14th International School on Condensed Matter Physics 9 (1), pp. 121-126.
- . (2007) 'In-situ field emission characterisation of multi walled carbon nanotubes'. IEEE 2007 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, Chicago, IL: 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference, pp. 84-85.
- . (2007) 'Radiation trapping in LiF ablation plumes'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD COLA'05: 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LASER ABLATION, Banff, CANADA: 8th International Conference on Laser Ablation 59, pp. 745-748.
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(2007) 'Li-salt functionalised carbon nanotubes as low work function field emitters'. IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, Kitakyushu, JAPAN: 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, pp. 195-196.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2544/
- . (2007) 'Field emission from multiwall carbon nanotubes on flexible paper substrates'. IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, Kitakyushu, JAPAN: 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, pp. 395-396.
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(2007) 'A study of field emission from glass spheres, coated with carbon nanotubes'. IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, Kitakyushu, JAPAN: 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, pp. 327-328.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1240/
- . (2007) 'Transport and field emission in carbon nanotube - polymer composite cathodes'. 2007 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, , pp. 165-166.
- . (2007) 'Analysis and management of the electro-thermal effects in analog poly-Si TFTs for SoP integration'. EAST CHINA NORMAL UNIVERSITY AD'07: Proceedings of Asia Display 2007, Vols 1 and 2, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA: Asia Display 2007 International Conference (AD'07), pp. 579-582.
- . (2007) 'Improving the electron emission properties of ion-beam-synthesized Ag-SiO nanocomposites by pulsed laser annealing'. Technical Digest of the 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference, IVNC 07, , pp. 102-103.
- . (2007) 'Novel semiconducting phase of amorphous carbon nickel composite films'. MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology 2006, San Francisco, CA: Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting 910, pp. 285-290.
- . (2006) 'A dry electrophysiology electrode using CNT arrays'. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL, 132 (1), pp. 34-41.
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(2006) 'Quantum size dependence of electron distribution on carbon nanotubes and its influence on field emission'. A V S AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, Oxford, ENGLAND: 18th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference 24 (2), pp. 874-880.doi: 10.1116/1.2185651
- .
(2006) 'Electron field-emission properties of Ag-SiO2 nanocomposite layers'. A V S AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, Oxford, ENGLAND: 18th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference 24 (2), pp. 958-961.doi: 10.1116/1.2165669
- . (2006) 'Growth of tungsten oxide nanowires using simple thermal heating'. IEEE 2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies - Nanoelectronics, Singapore, SINGAPORE: IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies - Nanoelectronics, pp. 376-378.
- . (2006) 'Performance evaluation and design guidelines of sub-100-nm source/drain unilateral-crystallized poly-Si TFTs for SoP applications'. INST IMAGE INFORMATION & TELEVISION ENGINEERS IDW '06: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL DISPLAY WORKSHOPS, VOLS 1-3, Otsu, JAPAN: 13th International Display Workshop (IDW 06), pp. 1667-1670.
- . (2006) 'Capacitive compensation to suppress sample-and-hold non-idealities in switched-current AMOLED pixel circuits'. INST IMAGE INFORMATION & TELEVISION ENGINEERS IDW '06: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL DISPLAY WORKSHOPS, VOLS 1-3, Otsu, JAPAN: 13th International Display Workshop (IDW 06), pp. 829-832.
- . (2006) 'A macro-modeling approach to integrate carbon nanotube field emission triode devices into circuit Simulations'. INST IMAGE INFORMATION & TELEVISION ENGINEERS IDW '06: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL DISPLAY WORKSHOPS, VOLS 1-3, Otsu, JAPAN: 13th International Display Workshop (IDW 06), pp. 1871-1874.
- . (2006) 'Novel approach to low substrate temperature synthesis of carbon nanotubes'. IEEE 2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies - Nanoelectronics, Singapore, SINGAPORE: IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies - Nanoelectronics, pp. 254-257.
- . (2006) 'Microstructure analyses of metal-filled carbon nanotubes synthesized by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition'. IEEE 2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies - Nanoelectronics, Singapore, SINGAPORE: IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies - Nanoelectronics, pp. 93-98.
- . (2005) 'The electron field emission properties of ion beam synthesised metal-dielectric nanocomposite layers on silicon substrates'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY, Strasbourg, FRANCE: Symposium on Materials Science and Device Issues for Futrue Si-Based Technologies held at the 2005 EMRS Meeting 124, pp. 453-457.
- . (2005) 'Diamond-like carbon thin films for high-temperature applications prepared by filtered pulsed laser deposition'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD VACUUM, Portoroz, SLOVENIA: 10th Joint Vacuum Conference (JVC-10) 80 (1-3), pp. 163-167.
- . (2005) 'Electron energy loss spectroscopy of carbonaceous rnaterials'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA THIN SOLID FILMS, San Diego, CA: ICMCTF 2004 Conference 488 (1-2), pp. 283-290.
- . (2005) 'Electron field emission from a single carbon nanotube: Effects of anode location'. Technical Digest of the 18th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference, IVNC 2005, 2005, pp. 264-265.
- . (2005) 'Large area growth of carbon nanotube arrays for sensing platforms'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL, Warsaw, POLAND: Fall Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society 109 (1), pp. 75-80.
- . (2005) 'Electron field emission from carbon-based materials'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA THIN SOLID FILMS, Strasbourg, FRANCE: Symposium on Synthesis, Characterisation and Advanced Application of Amorphous Carbon Films 482 (1-2), pp. 79-85.
- . (2005) 'Transport properties of low-dimensional amorphous carbon films'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA THIN SOLID FILMS, Strasbourg, FRANCE: Symposium on Synthesis, Characterisation and Advanced Application of Amorphous Carbon Films 482 (1-2), pp. 94-98.
- .
(2005) 'Effect of aspect ratio and anode location on the field emission properties of a single tip based emitter'. A V S AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, MIT, Cambridge, MA: 17th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC 04) 23 (2), pp. 632-635.doi: 10.1116/1.1880072Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2630/
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(2005) 'Influence of mechanical stress on electron field emission of multiwalled carbon nanotube-polymer composites'. A V S AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, MIT, Cambridge, MA: 17th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC 04) 23 (2), pp. 698-701.doi: 10.1116/1.1868692Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2631/
- . (2005) 'Active-matrix addressing for carbon nanotube field emission displays'. SOC INFORMATION DISPLAY PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FIFTH INTERNATIONAL DISPLAY RESEARCH CONFERENCE - EURODISPLAY 2005, Edinburgh, SCOTLAND: 25th International Display Research Conference, pp. 366-368.
- .
(2005) 'Improved efficiency in hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cells irradiated by excimer laser'. MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY Materials for Photovoltaics, Boston, MA: Symposium on Materials for Photovoltaics held at the Fall Meeting of the MRS 836, pp. 279-284.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1239/
- . (2005) 'Quantum effects in band gap-modulated amorphous carbon superlattices'. SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials, Univ Oxford, Oxford, ENGLAND: 14th Conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials 107, pp. 307-310.
- . (2005) 'Ion-beam-synthesized Ag-SiO nanocomposite layers for electron field emission devices'. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 908, pp. 81-86.
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(2004) 'Simulation of field enhancement effects in carbon nanotubes'. IEEE TECHNICAL DIGEST OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, MIT, Cambridge, MA: 17th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC 04), pp. 176-177.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1229/
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(2004) 'Effect of conductive filaments on the electron emission properties in cathodes'. IEEE TECHNICAL DIGEST OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, MIT, Cambridge, MA: 17th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC 04), pp. 76-77.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2085/
- . (2004) 'Bespoke carbon nanotube devices and structures'. SPRINGER NANOENGINEERED NANOFIBROUS MATERIALS, Belek-Antalya, TURKEY: Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Nanoengineered Nanofibrous Materials 169, pp. 323-328.
- . (2004) 'Formation of three dimensional Ni nanostructures for large area catalysts'. MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY NANOENGINEERED ASSEMBLIES AND ADVANCED MICRO/NANOSYSTEMS, San Francisco, CA: Symposium on Nanoengineered Assemblies and Advanced Micro/Nanosystems held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting 820, pp. 357-362.
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(2004) 'Influence of stress on the field emission properties of amorphous carbon thin films and multiwall carbon nanotube-polymer composites'. IEEE TECHNICAL DIGEST OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, MIT, Cambridge, MA: 17th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC 04), pp. 194-195.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1227/
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(2003) 'Role of nanostructure on electron field emission from amorphous carbon thin films'. A V S AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, UNIV LYON, LYON, FRANCE: 15th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference (IVMC) 21 (4), pp. 1633-1639.doi: 10.1116/1.1593642
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(2003) 'Field emission from nonaligned carbon nanotube-polymer matrix cathodes'. A V S AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, UNIV LYON, LYON, FRANCE: 15th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference (IVMC) 21 (4), pp. 1715-1719.doi: 10.1116/1.1592532
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(2003) 'Effects of stress on electron emission from nanostructured carbon materials'. A V S AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, UNIV LYON, LYON, FRANCE: 15th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference (IVMC) 21 (4), pp. 1710-1714.doi: 10.1116/1.1591747
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(2003) 'Fabrication of a self-aligned microtip field emission array'. A V S AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, UNIV LYON, LYON, FRANCE: 15th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference (IVMC) 21 (4), pp. 1560-1565.doi: 10.1116/1.1596221
- . (2003) 'An EPR study at X- and W-band of defects in a-C : H films in the temperature range 5-300 K'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, UNIV BARCELONA, DEPT APPL PHYS & OPT, BARCELONA, SPAIN: 4th Specialist Meeting on Amorphous Carbon (SMAC 2002) 12 (2), pp. 116-123.
- . (2003) 'Enhancing the electrical conduction in amorphous carbon and prospects for device applications'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, UNIV BARCELONA, DEPT APPL PHYS & OPT, BARCELONA, SPAIN: 4th Specialist Meeting on Amorphous Carbon (SMAC 2002) 12 (2), pp. 151-158.
- . (2003) 'Memory switching in ion bombarded amorphous silicon carbide thin film devices'. MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SILICON CARBIDE 2002-MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND DEVICES, BOSTON, MA: Symposium on Silicon Carbide-Materials, Processing and Devices held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting 742, pp. 79-83.
- . (2003) 'Electron energy loss line spectral and TEM analysis of heterojunctions'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD MICROSCOPY OF SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS 2003, Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, ENGLAND: Conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials (180), pp. 41-44.
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- . (2001) 'Electron field emission from amorphous carbon films as a function of deposition self bias, nitrogen content and substrate resistivity - experiment and simulation'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, INST ATOMIC MOLECULAR SCI ACAD SINICA, TAIPEI, TAIWAN: Taiwan Diamond 2000 Meeting 72 (2), pp. 204-209.
- . (2001) 'Ion beam synthesis of gallium nitride'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS, CANELA, BRAZIL: 12th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials (IBMM2000) 175, pp. 678-682.
- . (2001) 'Electron paramagnetic resonance study of ion implantation induced defects in amorphous hydrogenated carbon'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, OPORTO, PORTUGAL: 11th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 2000) 10 (3-7), pp. 993-997.
- . (2001) 'Switching phenomena in boron-implanted amorphous carbon films'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, OPORTO, PORTUGAL: 11th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 2000) 10 (3-7), pp. 1036-1039.
- . (2001) 'Laser annealing of low temperature grown gallium nitride'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, OPORTO, PORTUGAL: 11th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 2000) 10 (3-7), pp. 1311-1313.
- . (2001) 'Current-induced conditioning of hydrogenated amorphous carbon thin films for field emission'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, OPORTO, PORTUGAL: 11th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 2000) 10 (3-7), pp. 873-877.
- . (2001) 'A review of the effects of carbon self-implantation into amorphous carbon'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, MONDOVI, ITALY: 3rd Specialist Meeting on Amorphous Carbon (SMAC 2000) 10 (2), pp. 224-229.
- . (2000) 'Photoluminescence in low defect density a-C : H and a-C : H : N'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS, SNOWBIRD, UTAH: 18th International Conference on Amorphous and Microcrystalline Semiconductors (ICAMS 18) 266, pp. 821-824.
- . (2000) 'Characterisation of defects in thin films of hydrogenated amorphous carbon'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC: 10th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 1999) 9 (3-6), pp. 781-785.
- . (2000) 'Studies of carbon ion self-implantation into hydrogenated amorphous carbon films'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC: 10th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 1999) 9 (3-6), pp. 675-679.
- . (2000) 'Semiconducting hydrogenated carbon-nitrogen alloys with low defect densities'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC: 10th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 1999) 9 (3-6), pp. 777-780.
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(2000) 'Modification of electron field emission properties from surface treated amorphous carbon thin films'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, DARMSTADT, GERMANY: 12th International Vaccum Microelectronics Conference (IVMC 99) 18 (2), pp. 1051-1053.doi: 10.1116/1.591326
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(1999) 'Modeling of the electron field emission process in polycrystalline diamond and diamond-like carbon thin films'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA: 11th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference (IVMC 98) 17 (2), pp. 557-561.doi: 10.1116/1.590593Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2634/
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(1999) 'Electron field emission from amorphous silicon'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA: 11th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference (IVMC 98) 17 (2), pp. 596-600.doi: 10.1116/1.590601Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2635/
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- . (1995) 'Doping of rf plasma deposited diamond-like carbon films'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE THIN SOLID FILMS, SAN DIEGO, CA: 22nd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 1995) 270 (1-2), pp. 194-199.
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Patents
- . (2011) Material having a Low Dielectric Constant and Method of Making the Same.