Dr Simon Henley

Senior Lecturer

Qualifications: PhD MInstP

Email:
Phone: Work: 01483 68 6062
Room no: 31 ATI 02

Further information

Biography

Simon Henley completed his PhD in the Physics Department of the University of Bristol in 2001. During this period his main area of research involved study of the effect of defects, such as dislocations, on the luminescence efficiency of GaN based optoelectronic materials. After this he stayed on at the Univerity of Bristol in a joint Chemistry/Physics industrially sponsored collaborative project to develop field emission displays and was involved in fundamental research into pulsed laser ablation and deposition of multi-component materials such as ZnO and LiF. In 2003 he moved to the University of Surrey, and after completing an RCUK Academic fellowship, he is now a Senior Lecturer in Electronic Engineering in the Nano-Electronics Centre in the multi-disciplinary Advanced Technology Institute (ATI).

Research Interests

My research is focused on the use of pulsed lasers for fabricating and processing optical/electronic devices and sensors.  I also investigate the use of pulsed laser for the production of nanomaterials including metallic nanoparticles and nanostructured carbon materials for future optoelectronics. This research also involves fundamental studies into laser-materials interaction, including understanding the plume dynamics after laser ablation with short and ultra-short laser pulses.  I and am pioneering the use of pulsed laser annealing for self assembly of metal clusters, which have many important applications, particularly in catalysis, environmental sensing and surface plasmonics for trace-level chemical detection. Recently, my research interests have expanded to include solar energy technologies, and I am currently funded by FP7 project (SMARTONICS) to develop methods to use laser processing to produce plasmonic solar cells.

Research Collaborations

Recent collaborations include:    University of Bristol, M-Solv Ltd., Cranfield University, National Physical Laboratories,  ORC Southampton,   TEI Crete (Greece),  FORTH Crete (Greece)

Publications

Highlights

  • Henley SJ, Beliatis MJ, Stolojan V, Silva SR. (2012) 'Laser implantation of plasmonic nanostructures into glass.'. Nanoscale,
  • Fryar J, Jayawardena KDGI, Silva SRP, Henley SJ. (2012) 'The origin of the metal enrichment of carbon nanostructures produced by laser ablation of a carbon-nickel target'. Elsevier Carbon, 50 (15), pp. 5505-5520.

    Abstract

    Compositional analysis of metal-containing carbon thin films and nanostructures produced by pulsed laser ablation of a carbon-nickel target revealed significantly higher fractions of nickel in the materials than in the target used to produce them. Ablation of mixed targets is used routinely in the synthesis of carbon nanotubes and to enhance the conductivity of amorphous carbon films by metal incorporation. In this extensive study we investigate the physical mechanisms underlying this metal-enrichment and relate changes in the dynamics of the ablation plumes with increasing background gas pressure to the composition of deposited materials. The failure to preserve the target atom ratios cannot, in this case, be attributed to conventional mechanisms for non-stoichiometric transfer. Instead, nickel-enrichment of the target surface by back-deposition, combined with significantly different propagation dynamics for C atoms, Ni atoms and alloy clusters through the background gas, appears to be the main cause of the high nickel fractions. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • Loiacono R, Reed GT, Mashanovich GZ, Gwilliam R, Henley SJ, Hu YF, Feldesh R, Jones R. (2011) 'Laser erasable implanted gratings for integrated silicon photonics'. Optical Society of America Optics Express, 19 (11), pp. 10728-10734.

    Abstract

    In this work we experimentally demonstrate laser erasable germanium implanted Bragg gratings in SOI. Bragg gratings are formed in a silicon waveguide by ion implantation induced amorphization, and are subsequently erased by a contained laser thermal treatment process. An extinction ratio up to 24dB has been demonstrated in transmission for the fabricated implanted Bragg gratings with lengths up to 1000 mu m. Results are also presented, demonstrating that the gratings can be selectively removed by UV pulsed laser annealing, enabling a new concept of laser erasable devices for integrated photonics.

  • Beliatis MJ, Henley SJ, Silva SRP. (2011) 'Engineering the plasmon resonance of large area bimetallic nanoparticle films by laser nanostructuring for chemical sensors'. OPTICAL SOC AMER OPT LETT, 36 (8), pp. 1362-1364.

    Abstract

    Large area fabrication of metal alloy nanoparticles with tunable surface plasmon resonances on low-cost substrates is reported. A UV excimer laser was used to anneal 5 nm thick Ag Au bilayer films deposited with different composition ratios to create alloy nanoparticles. These engineered surfaces are used to investigate how the wavelength of the surface plasmon resonance affects the optical detection capability of chemical species by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. (c) 2011 Optical Society of America

  • Beliatis MJ, Martin NA, Leming EJ, Silva SR, Henley SJ. (2011) 'Laser ablation direct writing of metal nanoparticles for hydrogen and humidity sensors.'. American Chemical Society Langmuir, United States: 27 (3), pp. 1241-1244.

    Abstract

    A UV pulsed laser writing technique to fabricate metal nanoparticle patterns on low-cost substrates is demonstrated. We use this process to directly write nanoparticle gas sensors, which operate via quantum tunnelling of electrons at room temperature across the device. The advantages of this method are no lithography requirements, high precision nanoparticle placement, and room temperature processing in atmospheric conditions. Palladium-based nanoparticle sensors are tested for the detection of water vapor and hydrogen within controlled environmental chambers. The electrical conduction mechanism responsible for the very high sensitivity of the devices is discussed with regard to the interparticle capacitance and the tunnelling resistance.

  • Jayawardena KDGI, Tan YY, Fryar J, Shiozawa H, Silva SRP, Henley SJ, Fuge GM, Truscott BS, Ashfold MNR. (2011) 'Highly conductive nanoclustered carbon:nickel films grown by pulsed laser deposition'. Carbon,

Journal articles

  • Henley SJ, Beliatis MJ, Stolojan V, Silva SR. (2012) 'Laser implantation of plasmonic nanostructures into glass.'. Nanoscale,
  • Fryar J, Jayawardena KDGI, Silva SRP, Henley SJ. (2012) 'The origin of the metal enrichment of carbon nanostructures produced by laser ablation of a carbon-nickel target'. Elsevier Carbon, 50 (15), pp. 5505-5520.

    Abstract

    Compositional analysis of metal-containing carbon thin films and nanostructures produced by pulsed laser ablation of a carbon-nickel target revealed significantly higher fractions of nickel in the materials than in the target used to produce them. Ablation of mixed targets is used routinely in the synthesis of carbon nanotubes and to enhance the conductivity of amorphous carbon films by metal incorporation. In this extensive study we investigate the physical mechanisms underlying this metal-enrichment and relate changes in the dynamics of the ablation plumes with increasing background gas pressure to the composition of deposited materials. The failure to preserve the target atom ratios cannot, in this case, be attributed to conventional mechanisms for non-stoichiometric transfer. Instead, nickel-enrichment of the target surface by back-deposition, combined with significantly different propagation dynamics for C atoms, Ni atoms and alloy clusters through the background gas, appears to be the main cause of the high nickel fractions. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • Ramli MM, Zhang W, Silva SRP, Henley SJ. (2012) 'Dye-assisted dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes for solution fabrication of NO2 sensors'. AMER INST PHYSICS AIP ADVANCES, 2 (3) Article number ARTN 032165
  • Tan YY, Jayawardena KDGI, Adikaari AADT, Tan LW, Anguita JV, Henley SJ, Stolojan V, Carey JD, Silva SRP. (2012) 'Photo-thermal chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene'. Elsevier Carbon, 50 (2), pp. 668-673.

    Abstract

    The growth of graphene on Ni using a photo-thermal chemical vapor deposition (PT-CVD) technique is reported. The non-thermal equilibrium nature of PT-CVD process resulted in a much shorter duration in both heating up and cooling down stages, thus allowing for a reduction in the overall growth time. Despite the reduced time for synthesis compared to standard thermal chemical vapor deposition (T-CVD), there was no decrease in the quality of the graphene film produced. Furthermore, the graphene formation under PT-CVD is much less sensitive to cooling rate than that observed for T-CVD process. Growth on Ni also allows for the alleviation of hydrogen blister damage that is commonly encountered during growth on Cu substrates and a lower processing temperature. To characterize the film’s electrical and optical properties, we further report the use of pristine PT-CVD grown graphene as the transparent electrode material in an organic photovoltaic device (OPV) with poly(3-hexyl)thiophene (P3HT)/phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as the active layer where the power conversion efficiency of the OPV cell is found to be comparable to that reported using pristine graphene prepared by conventional CVD.

  • Abdel-Rahman MAE, Lohstroh A, Jayawardena I, Henley SJ. (2012) 'The X-ray detection performance of polycrystalline CVD diamond with pulsed laser deposited carbon electrodes'. Diamond and Related Materials, 22, pp. 70-76.

    Abstract

    The deposition of amorphous carbon electrical contacts on a diamond radiation detector by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) is introduced as a novel technique for producing tissue equivalent X-ray dosimeters. Three devices were fabricated with the following electrical contacts: pure amorphous carbon (labelled Poly-C), amorphous carbon mixed with Nickel (PLD) (labelled Poly-C/Ni) and conventional sputtered Pt (labelled Poly-Pt). To examine the performance of PLD carbon as a contact, a set of X-ray detection characteristics was studied and compared to those of Poly-Pt. This investigation includes current-voltage characteristics, linearity and dose rate dependence, sensitivity and specific sensitivity, photoconductive gain, stability, reproducibility and time response (rise and fall-off times). The experimental results suggest that Poly-C/Ni is suitable for an X-ray dosimeter. It shows a high signal to noise ratio (SNR) of ~ 3300, approximately linear relationship between the photocurrent and the dose rate and a sensitivity of 65 nC/Gy. In addition the current signal is stable and reproducible (within 0.26%) and the rise and fall-off times are less than 1.1 and 0.4 s, respectively. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • Miyajima Y, Tison Y, Giusca CE, Stolojan V, Watanabe H, Habuchi H, Henley SJ, Shannon JM, Silva SRP. (2011) 'Probing the band structure of hydrogen-free amorphous carbon and the effect of nitrogen incorporation'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD CARBON, 49 (15), pp. 5229-5238.
  • Jayawardena KDGI, Tan YY, Fryar J, Shiozawa H, Silva SRP, Henley SJ, Fuge GM, Truscott BS, Ashfold MNR. (2011) 'Highly conductive nanoclustered carbon:nickel films grown by pulsed laser deposition'. Elsevier Carbon, 49 (12), pp. 3781-3788.

    Abstract

    An enhancement by 5 orders of magnitude of the electrical conductivity of nanoclustered carbon films is reported by incorporation of metallic atoms, but without significant morphological changes. Films were deposited by 248 nm pulsed laser ablation of both a pyrolytic graphite target and a mixed carbon–nickel (C:Ni) target, and structural analysis revealed that similar film morphologies were obtained when deposition was carried out using either target. Compositional analysis demonstrated a preferential incorporation of nickel over carbon in the resulting films (cf. the composition of the target). This non-stoichiometric transfer was also observed for films grown by 193 nm laser ablation of the C:Ni target, for which the enhancement was more pronounced, indicating that the ablation mechanism and the subsequent transfer are important in determining the eventual film composition.

  • Miyajima Y, Henley SJ, Silva SRP. (2011) 'Hydrogenated amorphous carbon and carbon nitride films deposited at low pressure by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA THIN SOLID FILMS, 519 (19), pp. 6374-6380.
  • Inigo AR, Henley SJ, Silva SRP. (2011) 'Dispersive hole transport in polymer:carbon nanotube composites.'. Nanotechnology, England: 22 (26)

    Abstract

    The hole transport properties of poly(2-methoxy, 5-(2'-ethyl-hexoxy)-p-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) blended with acid oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNTs) were investigated in a diode configuration using the time-of-flight (TOF) photocurrent method. While the room temperature hole mobility in pure MEH-PPV films was non-dispersive with positive field dependent mobility, MEH-PPV:COOH-MWCNT blended devices exhibited dispersive transport and negative field dependent mobility. This indicates that the hole mobility in this composite is influenced by positional disorder caused by the presence of COOH-MWCNTs in the MEH-PPV matrix. These results strongly suggest that the distribution of COOH-MWCNTs optimising in the organic matrix is important for charge transport in the high mobility nanotube component to be activated, when used in hybrid material systems.

  • Sadhu V, Nismy NA, Adikaari AA, Henley SJ, Shkunov M, Silva SRP. (2011) 'The incorporation of mono- and bi-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes in organic photovoltaic cells.'. Nanotechnology, England: 22 (26)

    Abstract

    We have successfully prepared mono- and bi-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with thiophene, amine and thiophene-amine groups. The dispersion of nanotubes has been enhanced and stable optimized dispersions in organic solvents were obtained. These functionalized nanotubes have been successfully incorporated into bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells with a poly (3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) and [6, 6]-phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) photoactive blended layer. The incorporation of MWCNT with different functional groups, in the active layer, results in different cell performance with respect to a reference cell. A maximum power conversion efficiency of 2.5% is achieved with the inclusion of thiophene functionalized nanotubes. This improvement in the device performance is attributed to an extension of the exciton dissociation volume and charge transport properties through the nanotube percolation network in P3HT/CNT, PCBM/CNT or both phases. This is believed to be due to more efficient dispersion of the functionalized nanotubes within the photoactive composite layer.

  • Loiacono R, Reed GT, Mashanovich GZ, Gwilliam R, Henley SJ, Hu YF, Feldesh R, Jones R. (2011) 'Laser erasable implanted gratings for integrated silicon photonics'. Optical Society of America Optics Express, 19 (11), pp. 10728-10734.

    Abstract

    In this work we experimentally demonstrate laser erasable germanium implanted Bragg gratings in SOI. Bragg gratings are formed in a silicon waveguide by ion implantation induced amorphization, and are subsequently erased by a contained laser thermal treatment process. An extinction ratio up to 24dB has been demonstrated in transmission for the fabricated implanted Bragg gratings with lengths up to 1000 mu m. Results are also presented, demonstrating that the gratings can be selectively removed by UV pulsed laser annealing, enabling a new concept of laser erasable devices for integrated photonics.

  • Beliatis MJ, Henley SJ, Silva SRP. (2011) 'Engineering the plasmon resonance of large area bimetallic nanoparticle films by laser nanostructuring for chemical sensors'. OPTICAL SOC AMER OPT LETT, 36 (8), pp. 1362-1364.

    Abstract

    Large area fabrication of metal alloy nanoparticles with tunable surface plasmon resonances on low-cost substrates is reported. A UV excimer laser was used to anneal 5 nm thick Ag Au bilayer films deposited with different composition ratios to create alloy nanoparticles. These engineered surfaces are used to investigate how the wavelength of the surface plasmon resonance affects the optical detection capability of chemical species by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. (c) 2011 Optical Society of America

  • Beliatis MJ, Martin NA, Leming EJ, Silva SR, Henley SJ. (2011) 'Laser ablation direct writing of metal nanoparticles for hydrogen and humidity sensors.'. American Chemical Society Langmuir, United States: 27 (3), pp. 1241-1244.

    Abstract

    A UV pulsed laser writing technique to fabricate metal nanoparticle patterns on low-cost substrates is demonstrated. We use this process to directly write nanoparticle gas sensors, which operate via quantum tunnelling of electrons at room temperature across the device. The advantages of this method are no lithography requirements, high precision nanoparticle placement, and room temperature processing in atmospheric conditions. Palladium-based nanoparticle sensors are tested for the detection of water vapor and hydrogen within controlled environmental chambers. The electrical conduction mechanism responsible for the very high sensitivity of the devices is discussed with regard to the interparticle capacitance and the tunnelling resistance.

  • Jayawardena KDGI, Tan YY, Fryar J, Shiozawa H, Silva SRP, Henley SJ, Fuge GM, Truscott BS, Ashfold MNR. (2011) 'Highly conductive nanoclustered carbon:nickel films grown by pulsed laser deposition'. Carbon,
  • MiyajiM A Y, Tison Y, Giusca CE, Stolojan V, Henley SJ, Shannon JM, Silva SRP, Watanabe H, Habuchi H. (2011) 'Probing the band structure of hydrogen-free amorphous carbon and the effect of nitrogen incorporation'. Carbon, 49 (15), pp. 5229-5238.
  • Jayawardena KDGI, Opoku C, Fryar J, Silva SRP, Henley SJ. (2011) 'Excimer laser accelerated hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanocrystals & their electrical properties'. Applied Surface Science, 257 (12), pp. 5274-5277.
  • Henley SJ, Fryar J, Jayawardena KDGI, Silva SRP. (2010) 'Laser-assisted hydrothermal growth of size-controlled ZnO nanorods for sensing applications'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 21 (36) Article number 365502 , pp. ---.

    Abstract

    Pulsed laser irradiation is used to seed the low-temperature hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanorods. UV laser irradiation produces ZnO nanoparticles in solution that act as nucleation seeds for the subsequent hydrothermal growth of the nanorods. By systematically varying the seed density and/or the concentration of the reactants, the diameter of the nanorods can be controlled over a wide range with a narrow size distribution. The nanorods are linked into multi-pod structures, due to nucleation at a central seed, but ultrasonic processing of the solutions is shown to yield isolated nanorods. Three-dimensional networks of these multi-pod structures are fabricated by drop-casting the solutions onto inter-digitated electrodes. These devices are used to detect ethanol, water vapour and UV light exposure.

  • Jayawardena KDGI, Fryar J, Ravi S, Silva P, Henley SJ. (2010) 'Morphology Control of Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals via Hybrid Laser/Hydrothermal Synthesis'. AMER CHEMICAL SOC JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C, 114 (30), pp. 12931-12937.
  • Sharma P, Anguita JV, Stolojan V, Henley SJ, Silva SRP. (2010) 'The growth of silica and silica-clad nanowires using a solid-state reaction mechanism on Ti, Ni and SiO2 layers'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 21 (29) Article number ARTN 295603
  • Mollah S, Henley SJ, Giusca CE, Silva SRP. (2010) 'Photo-Chemical Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanowires Induced by Pulsed Laser Ablation of Iron Powder in Liquid Media'. TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS, 119, pp. 45-54.
  • Henley SJ, Mollah S, Giusca CE, Silva SRP. (2009) 'Laser-induced self-assembly of iron oxide nanostructures with controllable dimensionality'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 106 (6) Article number ARTN 064309
  • Palumbo M, Lutz T, Giusca CE, Shiozawa H, Stolojan V, Cox DC, Wilson RM, Henley SJ, Silva SRP. (2009) 'From Stems (and Stars) to Roses: Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Crystals'. AMER CHEMICAL SOC CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN, 9 (8), pp. 3432-3437.
  • Lyth SM, Henley SJ, Silva SRP. (2009) 'Improved field emission via laser processing of carbon nanotubes on paper substrates'. A V S AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, 27 (3), pp. 1068-1071.
  • Miyajima Y, Henley SJ, Adamopoulos G, Stolojan V, Garcia-Caurel E, Drevillon B, Shannon JM, Silva SRP. (2009) 'Pulsed laser deposited tetrahedral amorphous carbon with high sp(3) fractions and low optical bandgaps'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 105 (7) Article number ARTN 073521
  • Henley SJ, Watts PCP, Mureau N, Silva SRP. (2008) 'Laser-induced decoration of carbon nanotubes with metal nanoparticles'. SPRINGER APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING, 93 (4), pp. 875-879.
  • Palumbo M, Henley SJ, Lutz T, Stolojan V, Silva SRP. (2008) 'A fast sonochemical approach for the synthesis of solution processable ZnO rods'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 104 (7) Article number ARTN 074906
  • Miyajima Y, Adamopoulos G, Henley SJ, Stolojan V, Tison Y, Garcia-Caurel E, Drevillon B, Shannon JM, Silva SRP. (2008) 'Electronic state modification in laser deposited amorphous carbon films by the inclusion of nitrogen'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 104 (6) Article number ARTN 063701
  • Mollah S, Henley SJ, Silva SRP. (2008) 'Continuous-flow laser synthesis of large quantities of iron oxide nanowires in solution'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 19 (20) Article number ARTN 205604
  • Miyajima Y, Adikaari AADT, Henley SJ, Shannon JM, Silva SRP. (2008) 'Electrical properties of pulsed UV laser irradiated amorphous carbon'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 92 (15) Article number ARTN 152104
  • Watts PCP, Lyth SM, Henley SJ, Silva SRP. (2008) 'Secondary nanotube growth on aligned carbon nanofibre arrays or superior field emission'. AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY, 8 (4), pp. 2147-2150.
  • Henley SJ, Hatton RA, Chen GY, Silva SRP, Gao C, Zeng H, Kroto HW. (2007) 'Enhancement of polymer luminescence by excitation-energy transfer from multi-walled carbon nanotubes'. Small, 3 (11), pp. 1927-1933.
  • Carey JD, Henley SJ. (2007) 'Clustering in Nanostructured Carbon: Evidence of Electron Delocalization'. Elsevier Diamond and Related Materials, 16 (10), pp. 1782-1787.

    Abstract

    The electronic properties of disordered carbon based materials can be discussed in terms of the clustering of the sp2 carbon phase and delocalization of the electron wavefunction. In smooth amorphous carbon thin films this results in a mixed phase material of conductive sp2 clusters embedded in an electrically insulating sp3 matrix. The delocalization of the electron wavefunction associated with the sp2 clusters is shown to play an important role in understanding many of the electronic and optical properties of the films. It is demonstrated that the extent of the electron delocalization and clustering can be estimated using magnetic resonance methods. Evidence for delocalization in a range of carbon based materials such as diamond-like carbon thin films produced by chemical vapour deposition, nanostructured carbon produced by pulsed laser ablation and ultrananocrystalline diamond is presented.

  • Henley SJ, Silva SRP. (2007) 'Laser direct write of silver nanoparticles from solution onto glass substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 91 (2) Article number ARTN 023107
  • Watts PCP, Henley SJ, Mendoza E, Silva SRP, Irvine JK, McAdams ET. (2007) 'Core-shell silver/silver chloride nanoparticles on carbon nanofibre arrays for bio-potential monitoring'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 18 (20) Article number ARTN 205502
  • Mendoza E, Rodriguez J, Li Y, Zhu YQ, Poa CHP, Henley SJ, Romano-Rodriguez A, Morante JR, Silva SRP. (2007) 'Effect of the nanostructure and surface chemistry on the gas adsorption properties of macroscopic multiwalled carbon nanotube ropes'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD CARBON, 45 (1), pp. 83-88.
  • Tsang WM, Henley SJ, Stolojan V, Silva SRP. (2006) 'Negative differential conductance observed in electron field emission from band gap modulated amorphous-carbon nanolayers'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 89 (19) Article number ARTN 193103
  • Henley SJ, Carey JD, Silva SRP. (2006) 'Silver-nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanoscaffolds: Application as a sensing platform'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 89 (18) Article number ARTN 183120
  • Hayashi Y, Tokunaga T, Kaneko K, Henley SJ, Stolojan V, Carey JD, Silva SRP. (2006) 'Microstructure analyses of metal-filled carbon nanotubes synthesized by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition'. IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY, 5 (5), pp. 485-490.
  • Bhattacharyya S, Henley SJ, Lock D, Blanchard NP, Silva SRP. (2006) 'Semiconducting phase of amorphous carbon-nickel composite films'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 89 (2) Article number ARTN 022113
  • Stolojan V, Moreau P, Henley SJ, Goringe MJ, Silva SRP. (2006) 'Energy loss spectroscopic profiling across linear interfaces: The example of amorphous carbon superlattices'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV ULTRAMICROSCOPY, 106 (4-5), pp. 346-355.
  • Henley SJ, Carey JD, Silva SRP. (2006) 'Laser-nanostructured Ag films as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 88 (8) Article number ARTN 081904
  • Knox-Davies EC, Henley SJ, Shannon JM, Silva SRP. (2006) 'Improved optical and electrical properties of low-temperature sputtered GaN by hydrogenation'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 99 (3) Article number ARTN 036108
  • Bhattacharyya S, Henley SJ, Mendoza E, Gomez-Rojas L, Allam J, Silva SRP. (2006) 'Resonant tunnelling and fast switching in amorphous-carbon quantum-well structures'. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP NATURE MATERIALS, 5 (1), pp. 19-22.
  • Tsang WM, Henley SJ, Blanchard N, Silva SRP. (2006) 'Pulsed laser deposited Ag-Sio nanocomposite thin films for vacuum microelectronic applications'. IVNC and IFES 2006 - Technical Digest - l9th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference and 50th International Field Emission Symposium, , pp. 377-378.
  • Tsang WM, Henley SJ, Stolojan V, Silva SRP. (2006) 'Negative differential conductance observed in electron field emission from band gap modulated A-C nanolayers'. IVNC and IFES 2006 - Technical Digest - l9th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference and 50th International Field Emission Symposium, , pp. 199-200.
  • Fuge GM, Ashfold MNR, Henley SJ. (2006) 'Studies of the plume emission during the femtosecond and nanosecond ablation of graphite in nitrogen'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 99 (1) Article number ARTN 014309
  • Chen GY, Poa CHP, Henley SJ, Stolojan V, Silva SRP, Haq S. (2005) 'Deployment of titanium thermal barrier for low-temperature carbon nanotube growth'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 87 (25) Article number ARTN 253115
  • Henley SJ, Carey JD, Silva SRP. (2005) 'Pulsed-laser-induced nanoscale island formation in thin metal-on-oxide films'. Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 72 (19)
  • Poa CHP, Henley SJ, Chen GY, Adikaari AADT, Giusca CE, Silva SRP. (2005) 'Growth and field emission properties of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 97 (11) Article number ARTN 114308
  • Chen GY, Poa PCH, Henley SJ, Stolojan V, Silva SRP. (2005) 'Carbon nanotubes and nanostructures grown at low temperatures below 400°C'. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 901, pp. 511-522.
  • Mendoza E, Henley SJ, Poa CHP, Stolojan V, Chen GY, Giusca CE, Carey JD, Silva SRP. (2005) 'Dendrimer assisted catalytic growth of mats of multiwall carbon nanofibers'. Carbon, 43 (10), pp. 2229-2231.
  • Borowiak-Palen E, Mendoza E, Henley SJ, Cox DC, Poa CHP, Stolojan V, Silva SRP, Ruemmeli MH, Gemming T, Pichler T. (2005) 'Silver intercalated carbon nanotubes'. AIP Conference Proceedings, 786, pp. 236-239.
  • Henley SJ, Carey JD, Silva SRP, Fuge GM, Ashfold MNR, Anglos D. (2005) 'Dynamics of confined plumes during short and ultrashort pulsed laser ablation of graphite'. Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 72 (20)

    Abstract

    The optical emission from electronically excited C species in the ablation plume following the short (ns) and ultrashort (fs) UV pulsed laser ablation of graphite is studied. Wavelength, time and spatially resolved imaging of the plume, in background pressures of inert gases such as argon and helium, is performed. Analysis of images of optical emission from C+* ions and C2* radicals, yielded estimates of the apparent velocity of emitting species, which appear to arise both from the initial ablation event and, in the presence of background gas, mainly from impact excitation. At elevated background pressures of argon (PAr), the formation and propagation of a shock wave is observed for ns pulses, whereas for fs pulses, the propagation of two shock waves is observed. During fs ablation, the first shock wave we associate with an initial burst of highly energetic/electronically excited ablated components, indicative of an enhanced fraction of non-thermal ejection mechanisms when compared with ns ablation. The second shock wave we associate with subsequently ejected, slower moving, material. Concurrent with the plume dynamics investigations, nanostructured amorphous carbon materials were deposited by collecting the ablated material. By varying PAr from 5 to 340 mTorr, the film morphology could be changed from mirror smooth, through a rough nanostructured phase and, at the highest background pressures for ns pulses, to a low density cluster-assembled material. The evident correlations between the film structure, the mean velocities of the emitting C species, and their respective dependences upon PAr are discussed for both pulse durations. In addition, we comment on the effect of observed initial plume dynamics on the subsequent C cluster formation in the expanding plume. © 2005 The American Physical Society.

  • Henley SJ, Woolger NEP, Carey JD, Silva SRP, Fuge GM, Ashfold MNR. (2005) 'Metal incorporation into nanoporous carbon'. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 876, pp. 256-261.

    Abstract

    Nanoporous carbon films were deposited by 248 nm pulsed laser ablation of a graphite target in different background pressures of argon (P). The morphology changed from smooth, high-density amorphous carbon films at P = 20 mTorr to ultra-low density nanoporous material at P = 380 mTorr. Subsequently, the nanostructural, chemical and electrical properties of metal containing nanoporous carbon samples were investigated by ablating graphite targets containing known contents of Ni and Co. We demonstrate how the ablation plume dynamics affect both the nanostructure of the material and the incorporation of metal atoms. The suitability of these functionalised ultra-low density materials for gas sensing applications is discussed. © 2005 Materials Research Society.

  • Henley SJ, Fuge GM, Ashfold MNR. (2005) 'Comparing the short and ultrashort pulsed laser ablation of LiF'. Journal of Applied Physics, 97 (2)

    Abstract

    Pulsed laser ablation of LiF was studied using both nanosecond (ns) and femtosecond (fs) pulses at 248 nm. Optical emission from electronically excited Li and F atoms in the plume of ejected material was investigated by wavelength, time and spatially resolved imaging methods. Careful analysis of images of species selected optical emission yielded estimates of the mean velocities of the Li+ ions arising in both excitation schemes (~11 and ~13 kms, respectively), and highlighted the dramatic effects of radiation trapping, most notably by the reabsorption of Li (2p→2s) emission by ground state Li atoms in the ns ablation studies. Plumes formed by fs excitation are found to contain a higher fraction of energeticelectrically excited components, including excited F atoms and ions, indicative of an explosive boiling mechanism, whereas the ablation plume resulting from ns ablation is deduced to arise primarily from thermal evaporation of the transiently heated target surface. The amount of target material removed per shot is significantly less in the case of fs excitation. The density (and size) of unwanted droplets in films grown by fs ablation is much smaller than in the case of ns ablation, especially on substrates mounted in an off-axis ablation geometry, implying that hydrodynamic sputtering is much reduced by the use of short pulses and that fs ablation must be the preferred route to forming very thin LiF coatings. © 2005 American Institute of Physics.

  • Henley SJ, Carey JD, Silva SRP. (2004) 'Room temperature photoluminescence from nanostructured amorphous carbon'. Applied Physics Letters, 85 (25), pp. 6236-6238.

    Abstract

    Visible room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) was observed from hydrogen-free nanostructured amorphous carbon films deposited by pulsed laser ablation in different background pressures of argon (PAr). By varying PAr from 5 to 340 mTorr, the film morphology changed from smooth to rough and at the highest pressures, low-density filamentary growth was observed. Over the same pressure regime an increase in the ordering of s p2 bonded C content was observed using visible Raman spectroscopy. The origin of the PL is discussed in terms of improved carrier localization within an increased s p2 rich phase. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.

  • Henley SJ, Poa CHP, Adikaari AADT, Giusca CE, Carey JD, Silva SRP. (2004) 'Excimer laser nanostructuring of nickel thin films for the catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes'. AMER INST PHYSICS APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 84 (20), pp. 4035-4037.
  • Ashfold MN, Claeyssens F, Fuge GM, Henley SJ. (2004) 'Pulsed laser ablation and deposition of thin films.'. Chem Soc Rev, England: 33 (1), pp. 23-31.
  • Halsall MP, Harmer P, Parbrook PJ, Henley SJ. (2004) 'Raman scattering and absorption study of the high-pressure wurtzite to rocksalt phase transition of GaN'. Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 69 (23)
  • Pearce SRJ, Henley SJ, Claeyssens F, May PW, Smith JA, Rosser KN, Hallam KR. (2004) 'Production of nanocrystalline diamond by laser ablation at the solid/liquid interface'. Diamond and Related Materials, 13 (4-8), pp. 661-665.
  • Henley SJ, Ashfold MNR, Nicholls DP, Wheatley P, Cherns D. (2004) 'Controlling the size and alignment of ZnO microrods using ZnO thin film templates deposited by pulsed laser ablation'. Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing, 79 (4-6), pp. 1169-1173.
  • Henley SJ, Ashfold MNR, Cherns D. (2004) 'The growth of transparent conducting ZnO films by pulsed laser ablation'. Surface and Coatings Technology, 177-178, pp. 271-276.
  • Harmer P, Halsall MP, Wolverson D, Parbrook PJ, Henley SJ. (2004) 'Pressure-dependent photoluminescence study of epitaxial AlGaN to 19 GPa'. Semiconductor Science and Technology, 19 (3)
  • Henley SJ, Ashfold MNR, Pearce SRJ. (2003) 'The structure and composition of lithium fluoride films grown by off-axis pulsed laser ablation'. Applied Surface Science, 217 (1-4), pp. 68-77.
  • Henley SJ, Cherns D. (2003) 'Cathodoluminescence studies of threading dislocations in InGaN/GaN as a function of electron irradiation dose'. Journal of Applied Physics, 93 (7), pp. 3934-3939.
  • Claeyssens F, Henley SJ, Ashfold MNR. (2003) 'Comparison of the ablation plumes arising from ArF laser ablation of graphite, silicon, copper, and aluminum in vacuum'. Journal of Applied Physics, 94 (4), pp. 2203-2211.
  • Henley SJ, Ashfold MNR, Cherns D. (2002) 'The oriented growth of ZnO films on NaCl substrates by pulsed laser ablation'. Thin Solid Films, 422 (1-2), pp. 69-72.
  • Claeyssens F, Cheesman A, Henley SJ, Ashfold MNR. (2002) 'Studies of the plume accompanying pulsed ultraviolet laser ablation of zinc oxide'. Journal of Applied Physics, 92 (11), pp. 6886-6894.
  • Henley SJ, Cherns D. (2001) 'The influence of defects and piezoelectric fields on the luminescence from InGaN/GaN single quantum wells'. Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings, 639
  • Cherns D, Henley SJ, Ponce FA. (2001) 'Edge and screw dislocations as nonradiative centers in InGaN/GaN quantum well luminescence'. Applied Physics Letters, 78 (18), pp. 2691-2693.
  • Henley SJ, Bewick A, Cherns D, Ponce FA. (2001) 'Luminescence studies of defects and piezoelectric fields in InGaN/GaN single quantum wells'. Journal of Crystal Growth, 230 (3-4), pp. 481-486.

Conference papers

  • Palumbo M, Henley SJ, Lutz T, Stolojan V, Cox D, Silva SRP. (2008) 'Engineering the shape of zinc oxide crystals via sonochemical or hydrothermal solution-based methods'. Materials Research Society Proceedings, San Francisco, USA: 2008 MRS Spring Meeting Symposium V – Crystal-Shape Control and Shape-Dependent Properties – Methods, Mechanism, Theory and Simulation 1087, pp. 59-65.
  • Miyajima Y, Shannon JM, Henley SJ, Stolejan V, Cox DC, Silva SRP. (2007) 'Electrical conduction mechanism in laser deposited amorphous carbon'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA THIN SOLID FILMS, San Diego, CA: 34th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films 516 (2-4), pp. 257-261.
  • Carey JD, Henley SJ. (2007) 'Clustering in nanostructured carbon: Evidence of electron delocalization'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, Heraclion, GREECE: 6th Specialists Meeting on Amorphous Carbon (SMAC) 16 (10), pp. 1782-1787.
  • Henley SJ, Silva SRP, Carey JD. (2007) 'Surface morphology and evolution of amorphous carbon thin films'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, Heraclion, GREECE: 6th Specialists Meeting on Amorphous Carbon (SMAC) 16 (10), pp. 1777-1781.
  • Bhattacharyya S, Rojas LG, Henley SJ, Silva SRP. (2007) 'Switching behaviour and high frequency response of amorphous carbon double-barrier structures'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS, Nice, FRANCE: Symposium on Current Trends in Nanoscience - From Materials to Applications held at the 2006 E-MRS Spring Meeting 27 (5-8), pp. 957-960.
  • Henley SJ, Carey JD, Silva SRP. (2007) 'Metal nanoparticle production by pulsed laser nanostructuring of thin metal films'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, Nice, FRANCE: Symposium on Photon-Assisted Synthesis and Processing of Functional Materials held at the 2006 EMRS Spring Meeting 253 (19), pp. 8080-8085.
  • Hurley RE, Gamble HS, Jin M-H, Armstrong BM, Ghita M, McCullough RW, Adikaari AADT, Henley SJ, Silva SRP. (2007) 'Laser annealing of sputtered silicon for wafer-bonding applications'. NATL INST OPTOELECTRONICS JOURNAL OF OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS, Varna, BULGARIA: 14th International School on Condensed Matter Physics 9 (1), pp. 121-126.
  • Henley SJ, Silva SRP, Fuge GM, Ashfold MNR, Hess WP, Herman PR, Bauerle D, Koinuma H. (2007) 'Radiation trapping in LiF ablation plumes'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD COLA'05: 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LASER ABLATION, Banff, CANADA: 8th International Conference on Laser Ablation 59, pp. 745-748.
  • Lyth SM, Henley SJ, Silva SRP. (2007) 'Laser ablation of thin carbon nanotube films on glass substrates as transparent field emitters'. IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, Kitakyushu, JAPAN: 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, pp. 329-330.
  • Bhattacharyya S, Henley SJ, Blanchard NP, Silva SRP, Wagner S, Chu V, Atwater HA, Yamamoto K, Zan HW. (2007) 'Novel semiconducting phase of amorphous carbon nickel composite films'. MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology 2006, San Francisco, CA: Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting 910, pp. 285-290.
  • Hayashi Y, Tokunaga T, Kaneko K, Henley SJ, Stolojan V, Carey JD, Silva SRP. (2006) 'Microstructure analyses of metal-filled carbon nanotubes synthesized by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition'. IEEE 2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies - Nanoelectronics, Singapore, SINGAPORE: IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies - Nanoelectronics, pp. 93-98.
  • Mendoza E, Henley SJ, Poa CHP, Chen GY, Giusca CE, Adikaari AADT, Carey JD, Silva SRP. (2005) 'Large area growth of carbon nanotube arrays for sensing platforms'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL, Warsaw, POLAND: Fall Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society 109 (1), pp. 75-80.
  • Carey JD, Henley SJ, Mendoza E, Giusca CE, Adikaari AADT, Silva SRP, Taylor DP, Liu J, McIlroy D, Merhari L, Pendry JB, Borenstein JT, Grodzinski P, Lee LP, Wang ZL. (2004) 'Formation of three dimensional Ni nanostructures for large area catalysts'. MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY NANOENGINEERED ASSEMBLIES AND ADVANCED MICRO/NANOSYSTEMS, San Francisco, CA: Symposium on Nanoengineered Assemblies and Advanced Micro/Nanosystems held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting 820, pp. 357-362.
  • Bewick A, Henley SJ, Cherns D, Kiely CJ. (1999) 'Cathodoluminescence studies of InGaN/GaN layers in the scanning electron microscope'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 1999, UNIV SHEFFIELD, SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND: Biennial Meeting of the Electron-Microscopy-and-Analysis-Group of the Institute of Physics (EMAG 99) (161), pp. 581-584.

Teaching

Teaching activities include currently:

Module Coordinator and Lecturer for  Level 1 Circuit Theory course as part of the Electronics I module.

Academic supervisor of the level 1 electronics laboratories.

EDPS Engineering design workshops

Departmental Duties

Undergraduate Admission Tutor for the Electronic Engineering Department

ATI Seminar organiser

Affiliations

Member of the Institute of Physics

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