Dr Glyn Steventon

Biography

After completing a PhD in toxicology at the University of Keele, UK into the possible mechanisms of teratogenesis of alcohol in the “Fetal Alcohol Syndrome” and a post-doctoral research fellowship into role of xenobiotic metabolism enzymes as disease susceptibility biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease and at the University of Birmingham, UK. I continued my career in toxicology and have held lectureships/senior lectureships in Drug Metabolism and Toxicology at the University of Birmingham, UK, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK and King’s College London, UK. This has resulted in extensive research into the disposition, metabolism, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of xenobiotic compounds in man and experimental animals with regard to the pharmacogenetics and its role in disease aetiology. Over the past 23 years, I have been responsible for the construction, organization, teaching and examining on many courses (biology, biochemistry, biomedical science, medicine, dental, nursing, pharmacy, toxicology at the undergraduate and postgraduate level) in the UK and abroad. In 2009 I was awarded a King’s College London Teaching Excellence Award for the teaching of drug metabolism and toxicology to the MSc Biopharmacy, MSc Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Control and MSc Pharmaceutical Technology courses. In November 2009, I joined the University of Surrey as the Programme Director of the MSc Clinical Pharmacology.

Research Interests

Research Interests

My research interests are mainly focused on genetic variation in xenobiotic (foreign compound) metabolism and its role as a disease susceptibility biomarker or in toxicity with respect to medicines or environmental pollutants.

 Phenylalanine Monooxygenase

The hepatic enzyme, phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase (PAH) is responsible for the conversion of L-phenylalanine (Phe) to L-tyrosine (Tyr) in the body (Fig. 1). Defects in the PAH gene are the cause of the vast majority of the cases of phenylketonuria (PKU) in man. The molecular genetics of PAH in relation to PKU have been extensively investigated to date (http://www.pahdb.mcgill.ca) but the regulation of PAH at the proteomic level is only now being actively researched. The gene for PAH can be found on chromosome 12, band region q22-q24.1. The full genomic sequence of PAH spanning more than 90kb has yet to be reported. However, the cDNA sequence (GenBank U49897) has been found to contain 13 exons. The protein product of the cDNA sequence has a molecular mass of 52 kDa and is composed of 452 amino acids. The PAH protein is a tetramer comprising of four identical monomers. Each tetramer is in fact a “dimer of dimers” with each dimer composed of two monomers arranged in a “head to tail” orientation to each other. Each monomer contains an Fe²⁺ ion but possesses no catalytic activity. Only the dimers and tetramers show enzyme activity. Every monomer contains a number of domains. These domains are the N-terminal regulatory domain (amino acids 1-142), catalytic domain (amino acids 143-410) and the C-terminal polymerisation domain (amino acids 411-452). It is the N-terminal regulatory domain that controls access to the enzyme’s active site.

Figure 1 PAH catalytic cycle

 Post-translational regulation of PAH

The conversion of PAH from a low activity to a high activity configuration is achieved by a number of different mechanisms (Fig 2.).

Figure 2 Post-translational modification of PAH

1.       Co-operative binding of Phe to the catalytic domain which results in an alteration in the V_max for Phe.

2.       Phosphorylation of Ser¹⁶ in the N-terminal regulatory domain. This results in an alteration in the V_max for Phe.

3.       Limited proteolysis.

4.       Modification of Cys²³⁷ in the catalytic domain.

5.       Binding of lysophosphatidylcholine to PAH.

 1-5 all affect the kinetics of Phe metabolism by PAH but 3-5 result in the substrate specificity of PAH being altered, allowing the oxidation of the aliphatic amino acids, L-Methionine (Met), S-methyl-L-cysteine (SMC), S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine (SCMC) to their S-oxide metabolites. Nor-leucine also undergoes aliphatic C-oxidation to its -hydroxy metabolite. The cysteine analogues (SCMC and SMC) are muco-regulatory drugs used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and otitis media with effusions (OME or Glue ear).

 Physiological regulation of PAH with regards to Phe metabolism is via mechanisms 1 and 2. However the role of PAH in xenobiotic (drug) metabolism is probably regulated by mechanisms 3-5. The role of reactive oxygen/nitrogen/sulphur intermediates (ROI/RNI/RSI) in the modification of enzyme Cys sulphydryl groups and the role this plays in cell signalling and enzyme regulation is starting to be understood. Limited proteolysis by the cytosolic ubiquitin-proteosome pathway has been reported to be involved in enzyme regulation in response to the cytokine/ROI cell signalling pathway and lysophosphatidycholine is now regarded to have a role in the intra-cellular signalling pathways.

The role of PAH activation in the body and its role in xenobiotic metabolism are now starting to be understood with respect to disease susceptibility and drug toxicity

Neurological Diseases

Both Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (also called motor neuron disease) are multi-factorial disease with both genetic and environmental factors involved in the disease aetiology. The metabolism of the drug, S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine is known to be under genetic control (called pharmacogenetics) with 3% of the general population unable to perform the S-oxidation biotransformation reaction. In Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis this genetic defect is seen in 38% of the patients. The enzyme phenylalanine monooxygenase is responsible for this drug biotransformation and its role as a biomarker for disease susceptibility with respect dietary/environmental compound exposure and as a potential target for therapeutic intervention is under investigation.

Systems Biology

Since drugs are (usually) foreign chemicals, the enzymes that undertake their biotransformation, and thus with which they are known to interact, are routinely regarded as xenobiotic metabolising enzymes and as being distinct from those of intermediary metabolism. However, certain enzymes identified as being involved unquestionably in intermediary metabolism, and usually named after their classical endogenous substrate, have been shown to undertake certain xenobiotic transformations. The role that free radicals and the 26S Proteosome play in intracellular signalling and in the conversion of phenylalanine monooxygenase from its role in intermediate metabolism to xenobiotic metabolism is under investigation with respect to its possible role in disease aetiology.

Publications

Primary Research Papers

Antypa, A., Rebello, C., Biernacka, A., Krajewski, K., Cassam, J., Mitchell, S. C., Steventon, G.B. (2010) The post-translational activation of human phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase from an endobiotic to a xenobiotic enzyme by reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Xenobiotica, in press.

Panagopoulos, P., Forbes, B., Mitchell, S.C., Steventon, G.B. (2010) The pharmacokinetics of orally administered S-carboxymethyl-l-cysteine in the dog, calf and sheep. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 39, 219–223.

Mitchell, S.C., Steventon, G., Waring, R. (2009) Metabolic fate of phenothiazine in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions, 24, 137-152.

Turfus, S.C., Parkin, M.C., Cowan, D.A., Halket, J.M., Smith, N.W., Braithwaite, R.A., Elliot, S.P., Steventon, G.B., Kicman, A.T. (2009) Use of human microsomes and deuterated substrates; an alternative approach for the identification of novel metabolites of ketamine by mass spectrometry. Drug Metabolism and Dispositions, 37, 1769-1778.

Steventon, G.B.,Mitchell, S.C. (2009) Mouse Recombinant Phenylalanine Monooxygenase and the S-oxygenation of Thioether Substrates. Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 23, 119-124.

Steventon, G. B.,Mitchell, S.C., Pérez, B, Desviat, L.R., Ugarte, M. (2009) The activity of wild type and mutant phenylalanine hydroxylase with respect to the C-oxidation of phenylalanine and the S-oxidation of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, 96, 27-31.

Boonyapiwat, B. Panaretou, B. Forbes, B. Mitchell, S.C., Steventon, G.B. (2009) Human phenylalanine monooxygenase and thioether metabolism. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 61, 63-67.

Boonyapiwat, B., Forbes, B., Mitchell, S.C., Steventon, G.B. (2008) Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase and the S-oxidation of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine by human cytosolic fractions. Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions, 23, 261-282.

Patel, G. L., Illoudi, C., Boonyapiwat, B., Barlow, D.J., Forbes, B., Mitchell,  S. C., Steventon, G.B. (2008) Enzyme kinetic and molecular modelling studies of sulphur containing substrates of phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase. Journal of Enzyme Inhibitors with Medicinal Chemistry, 23, 958- 963.

Paoletta, S., Steventon G.B., Wildeboer, D., Ehrman, T.M., Hylands, P.J., Barlow, D.J. (2008) Screening of herbal constituents for aromatase inhibitory activity. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 16, 8466-8470.

Steventon, G. B. and Mitchell, S.C. (2006) Efficacy of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine for otitis media with effusion. Ear, Nose and Throat Journal, 85, 296-297.

Steventon, G. B. and Mitchell, S.C. (2006) The sulphoxidation of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine in COPD. European Respiratory Journal, 27, 865-866.

Apati, P, Houghton, P. J., Kite, G, Steventon, G. B., Kery, A. (2006) In-vitro effect of flavonoids from Solidago canadenis extract on glutathione S-transferase. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 58, 251-256.

Steventon, G. B. and Mitchell, S.C. (2006) Thiodiglycolic acid and dermatological reactions following S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine administration . British Journal of Dermatology, 154, 386-387.

Roopnarinsingh, E.S., Steventon, G.B., Harris, R.M., Waring, R.H., Mitchell, S.C. (2005) Induction of cysteine dioxygenase activity by oral administration of cysteine analogues to the rat: implications for drug efficacy and safety. Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions, 21, 75-86.

Boonyapit, B., Panagopoulos, P., Jones, H., Mitchell, S.C., Forbes, B., Steventon, G.B. (2005) Phenylanine 4-monooxygenase and the S-oxidation of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine in HepG2 cells. Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions, 21, 1-18.

Woolridge, H., Williams, J., Cronin, A., Evans, N., Steventon, G.B. (2004) CYP1A2 in a smoking and a non-smoking population: correlation of urinary and salivary phenotypic ratios. Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions, 20, 247-262.

Boonyapiwat, B., Forbes, B., Steventon, G. B. (2004) Phenylalanine hydroxylase: possible involvement in the S-oxidation of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine. Analytical Biochemistry, 335, 91-97.

Goreish, A.H., Bednar, S., Jones, H., Mitchell, S.C., Steventon, G.B. (2004) Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase and the S-oxidation of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine. Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions, 20, 159-174.

Steventon, G.B., Goreish, A.H., Bednar, S., Jones, H., Mitchell, S.C. (2004) Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase and the S-oxidation of L-methionine in the rat. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, 27, Suppl. 1, 062-P.

Roopnarinsingh, E.S., Steventon, G.B., Harris, R.M., Waring, R.H., Mitchell, S.C. (2004) The effect of cysteine analogues on the excretion of urinary sulphate in the rat following cysteine administration. Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions, 20, 1-10.

Khan S., Mitchell, S. C., Steventon, G.B. (2004) Lack of congruence between cysteine dioxygenase activity and S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine S-oxidation activity in rat cytosol. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 56, 993-1000.

Bednar, S., Goreish^, A.H, Steventon, G.B. (2004) Use of high-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for the in vitro assay of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine S-oxygenase. Chromatographia 59 (3/4), 237-242.

Waring, R. H., Harris, R. M., Steventon, G. B., Mitchell, S. C. (2003) Degradation to sulphate of S-methyl-L-cysteine sulphoxide and S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine sulphoxide in man. Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions, 19, 241-256.

Bednar, S, Steventon, G.B. (2002) Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase: a susceptibility factor for neurological diseases. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 54, S-89, 210.

Mitchell, S.C., Kestell, P., Steventon, G.B., Waring, R.H. (2002) Fate of the anthelmintic, phenothiazine, in man. Xenobiotica 32, 771-782.

Begent, L.A., Hill, A.P, Steventon, G.B., Hutt, A.J., Pallister, C.J., Cowell, D.C. (2001) Characterisation and purification of vitamin K₁ 2,3 epoxide reductase system from rat liver. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 53, 481-486.

Rotchell, J.N., Steventon, G.B., Bird, D.J. (2000). Catalytic properties of agnathan and teleost CYP 1A isoenzymes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physioliology (C) 125, 203-214.

Steventon, G.B. (1999) Diurnal variation in S-oxidation of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine metabolism in Man. Biochemical Society Transactions, 27, A121, 114.

Hill, A., Pallister, C., Cowell, D., Steventon, G. (1999) Purification of vitamin K 2,3 epoxide reductase. Biochemical Society Transactions, 27, A129, 146.

Begent, L.A., Chan, S.T., Steventon, G.B. (1999) Kinetics of vitamin K 2,3 epoxide reductase. Biochemical Society Transactions, 27, A129, 145.

Steventon, GB (1999). Diurnal variation in the metabolism of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine in man. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 27, 1092-1097.

Alam, Z., Steventon, G., Waring, R., Williams, A. (1999). Cyp 2D6 phenotyping and neurodegenerative diseases. Medical Science Research, 27, 281-283.

Steventon, G., Waring, R. Sturman, S., Heafield, M., Williams, A. (1999). The metabolism of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine in man: A neurodegenerative disease study. Medical Science Research, 27, 119-120.

Steventon, G.B. (1998). A methodological and metabolite identification study of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine metabolism in man. Chromatographia, 48 (7/8), 561-568.

Alam, Z., Coombes, N., Waring, R.H., Williams, A.C., Steventon, G.B. (1998). Plasma levels of neuroexcitatory amino acids in patients with migraine or tension headache.  Journal of Neurological Sciences, 156, 102-106.

Alam, Z., Coombes, N., Waring, R.H., Williams, A.C., Steventon, G.B. (1997).Platelet sulphotransferase activity, plasma sulphate levels and sulphation capacity inpatients with migrane and tension headace. Cephalalgia, 17, 761-764.

Hill, A.H., Pallister, C.J., Cowell, D.C., Steventon, G.B. (1996). Purification of vitamin K1-2,3-epoxide reductase - the target enzyme for warfarin. British Journal of Biomedical Science 53,

Waring, R.H., Williams, A.C., Steventon, G.B. (1996). Erythrocyte Thiolmethyltransferase. Neurology  47, 849.

Steventon, G.B., Mitchell, S.C., Waring, R.H. (1996). Human metabolism of paracetamol (acetaminophen) at different dose levels. Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions 13, 111-117.

Harland, C.C., Steventon, G.B., Marsden, J.R. (1995). Thalidomide-induced neuropathy and genetic differences in drug metabolism. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 49, 1-6.

Peters, L., Steventon, G.B., Green, S., Sturman, S., Waring, R.H., Williams, A.C. (1994). D-penicillamine metabolism in neurodegenerative disease: an in vivo/in vitro sulphydryl methylation study. Xenobiotica 24, 1013-1020.

Pean, A., Steventon, G.B., Waring, R.H., Foster, H., Sturman, S., Williams, A.C. (1994). Pathways of cysteine metabolism in MND/ALS. Journal of Neurological Sciences (Suppl.) 124, 59-61.

Harland, C.C., Steventon, G.B., Marsden, J.R. (1993). Thalidomide induced neuropathy and drug metabolic polymorphism. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 100, 492.

Williams, A.C., Pall, H.S., Steventon, G.B., Green, S.,Buttrum, S., Molloy, H., Waring,R.H. (1993). N-methylation of pyridines and Parkinson's Disease. Advances in Neurology 60, 194-196.

Harland, C.C., Steventon, G.B., Marsden, J.R. (1993). Thalidomide induced neuropathy and drug metabolic polymorphism. Clinical Research 41, 496.

Steventon, G.B., Waring, R.H., Heafield, M.T.E., Sturman, S.G., Williams, A.C. (1991). Cystine,sulfate,and ALS. Neurology 41, 1851.

Williams, A., Steventon, G., Sturman, S., Waring, R. (1991). Xenobiotic enzyme profiles and Parkinson's disease. Neurology 45, 29-33.

Williams, A.C., Steventon, G.B., Sturman, S., Waring, R.H. (1991). Heredity variation of liver enzymes involved with detoxification and neurodegenerative disease. Journal of Metabolic Diseases 14, 431-435.

Green, S., Buttrum, S., Molloy, H., Steventon, G.,Sturman, S., Waring, R., Pall, H., Williams, A. (1991). N-methylation of pyridines in Parkinson's disease. Lancet 338, 120-121.

Steventon, G.B., Sturman, S., Heafield, M.T.E., Waring, R.H., Williams, A.C. (1990). Sulfur-compound metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurobiology of Aging 11, 318.

Sturman, S.G., Steventon, G.B., Waring, R.H., Williams,A.C. (1990). MAO-B and Parkinson's Disease. Movement Disorders 5, 338-339.

Steventon,G.B., Waring, R.H., Williams,A.C. (1990). Pesticide toxicity and motor neurone disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 53, 621-622.

Heafield, M.T.E., Waring, R.H., Sturman, S.G., Steventon,G.B., Williams, A.C., Thompson, H. (1990). N-acetylation status in neurodegenerative disease. Medical Science Research 18, 963-964.

Heafield, M.T.E., Fearn, S., Steventon, G.B., Waring, R.H.,Williams, A.C., Sturman, S.G. (1990). Plasma cysteine and sulphate levels in patients with Motor neurone, Parkinson's and Alzhemier's disease. Neuroscience Letters 110, 216-220.

Steventon, G.B., Heafield, M.T.E., Sturman, S.,Waring, R.H., Williams, A.C. (1990). Xenobiotic metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 40, 1095-1098.

Steventon,G.B., Heafield, M.T.E., Waring, R.H.,Williams, A.C.,Sturman, S., Green, M. (1990). Metabolism of low-dose paracetamol in patients with chronic neurological disease. Xenobiotica 20, 117-122.

Humfrey, C.D.N., Steventon, G.B., Sturman, S.G., Waring, R.H., Williams, A.C. (1990). Monoamine oxidase substrates in Parkinson's disease. Biochemical Pharmacology 40, 2562-2564.

Steventon, G., Humfrey, C., Sturman, S., Waring, R.H.,Williams, A.C. (1990). Monoamine oxidase B and Parkinson's disease. Lancet I, 180.

Vickers, C., Steventon, G.B., Mills, C., Waring, R., Elias, E. (1989). Metabolism of paracetamol in patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis. Clinical Science 75 (suppl. 19), 148.

Steventon, G.B., Heafield, M.T.E., Waring, R.H., Williams, A.C. (1989). Xenobiotic metabolism in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 39, 883-887.

Steventon, G.B., Sturman, S.G., Heafield, M.T.E., Waring, R.H., Napier, J., Williams, A.C. (1989). Platelet monoamine oxidase-B activity in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neural Transmission(P-D Sect) 1, 255-261.

Waring, R.H., Steventon, G.B., Sturman, S.G., Heafield, M.T.E., Smith, M.C.G., Williams, A.C. (1989). S-methylation in Motorneuron disease and Parkinson's disease. Lancet II, 356-357.

Steventon, G.B., Heafield, M.T.E., Sturman, S.G., Waring, R.H., Williams, A.C., Ellingham, J. (1989). Degenerative neurological disease and debrisoquine-4-hydroxylation capacity. Medical Science Research 17, 163-164.

Steventon, G.B., Williams, A.C., Waring, R.H., Pall, H.S., Adams, D. (1988). Xenobiotic metabolism in Motorneuron disease. Lancet II, 644-647.

Steventon, G.B. & Williams, K.E. (1987). Ethanol-induced inhibition of pinocytosis and proteolysis in the rat yolk-sac in vitro. Development 99, 247-253.

Reviews

Steventon, G.B.,Mitchell, S.C. (2009) Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase and the role of endobiotic metabolism enzymes in xenobiotic biotransformation. Expert Opinion in Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, 5, 1213-1221.

Steventon, G.B., Mitchell, S.C. (2009) Measurement of phenylalanine monooxygenase (PAH) activities. Current Protocols in Toxicology, 41, 4.29.1-4.29.11.

Mitchell, S.C., Steventon, G.B. (2009) Foreign compounds and intermediary metabolism: Sulfoxidation bridges the divide. Current Drug Metabolism, 10, 220-226.

Houghton, P., Fang, R., Techatanawat, I., Steventon G., Hylands, P.J., Lee, C.C. (2007) The sulphorhodamine (SRB) assay and other approaches to testing plant extracts and derived compounds for activities related to reputed anticancer activity. Methods, 42, 377-387.

Houghton, P.J., Howes, M.-J., Lee, C.C., Steventon, G.B. (2007) Uses and abuses of in vitro tests in ethnopharmacology: visualizing an elephant. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 110, 391-400.

Mitchell, S.C., Steventon, G.B. (2007) Drug Metabolism and Toxicity: Hijacking Enzymes of Intermediary Metabolism. Current Topics in Toxicology, 3, 57-63.

Steventon, G.B., Mitchell, S.C. (2006). Non-classical drug metabolism enzymes: The curious case of phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase. Letters in Drug Design and Discovery, 3, 405-412.

Steventon, G.B., Waring^, R.H., Williams, A.C. (2003) An investigation into the inter-relationships of sulfur xeno-biotransformation pathways in Parkinson’s and motor neurone diseases. Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions, 19, 223-240.

Steventon, G.B., Sturman, S., Waring, R.H., Williams, A.C. (2001). A review of xenobiotic metabolism enzymes in Parkinson’s and motor neurone disease. Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions, 18, 79-98.

Mitchell, S.C., Steventon, G.B. (1994). Thiourea and its biological interactions. Journal of Sulfur Chemistry 16, 117-137.

Williams, A., Sturman, S., Steventon, G., Waring, R. (1991). Metabolic biomarkers of Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurologica Scandaniva (Suppl) 136, 19-23.

Books and Book Chapters

Steventon, G.B., Hutt, A.J. (2007) Paracetamol (Acetaminophen). In: Molecules of Death Second edition (Eds. Waring, R.H., Mitchell, S.C., Steventon, G.B.) pp 253-264, Imperial College Press, London.

Steventon, G.B.  (2007) Hydrogen Sulfide. In: Molecules of Death Second edition (Eds. Waring, R.H., Mitchell, S.C., Steventon, G.B.) pp131-148, Imperial College Press, London.

Waring, R.H., Steventon, G.B. & Mitchell, S.C., Eds. (2007). Molecules of Death 2^nd edition, Imperial College Press, London. ISBN 1-86094-814-5.

Steventon, G.B.(2002) Hydrogen Sulfide. In: Molecules of Death (Eds. Waring, R.H., Mitchell, S.C., Steventon, G.B.) pp109-119, Imperial College Press, London.

Waring, R.H., Steventon, G.B. & Mitchell, S.C., Eds. (2002). Molecules of Death 1^st edition, Imperial College Press, London. ISBN 1-86094-127-3.

Steventon, G.B., Hutt, A.J. (2002) Amino Acid Conjugation. In: Handbook of Enzymes that Metabolise Drugs and Other Xenobiotics (Ed. Ionnides, C.) pp.501-520, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

Steventon, G.B. (1996). Sulfur-Carbon Compounds. In: Biological Interactions of Sulfur Compounds (Ed. Mitchell, S.), pp. 77-112, Taylor & Francis, London.

Mitchell, S.C., Waring, R.H., Steventon, G.B. (1992). Variation in the S-oxidation of cysteine derivatives. In: Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism (Ed. Kalow, K.) pp. 367-382, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

Williams, A.C., Sturman, S., Steventon, G.B., Waring, R. (1991). Metabolic markers of Parkinson’s disease. In: Parkinson’s Disease, From Basic Research & Early Diagnosis to Long-Term Treatment. (Eds. Rinne, U.K., Nagatsu, T., Horowski, R.) pp. 117-125, Medicom Europe, B.V.

Teaching

Teaching

Postgraduate

Continuing Professional Development Courses

MSc Clinical Pharmacology

MSc Pharmaceutical Medicine

MSc Applied Toxicology

Full-time courses

MSc Analytical Toxicology (King’s College London)

Biochemical Toxicology module

Undergraduate

Full-time courses

Pharmacy (San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain)

Biopharmacy module

Departmental Duties

Administrative Duties

 Faculty Level Duties

 Vice-Chair MSc Applied Toxicology Board of Examinations

 MSc Clinical Pharmacology Programme Director

 MSc Clinical Pharmacology/Pharmaceutical Medicine Admissions Officer

 Module Organiser

            PGMS-M08-01   Programme Orientation (Molecule to medicine)

            PGMS-M08-02 Clinical Development and Therapeutics

            PGMS-M08-03 Regulatory Affairs

            PGMS-M08-04 Clinical Pharmacology

            PGMS-M08-05 Drug safety and Pharmacoepidemiology

            PGMS-M08-06 Pharmacokinetics and ADME

            PGMS-M08-07 Human Pharmacology and Non-Patient Volunteer studies

            PGMS-M08-08 Translational Medicine and Biomarkers

            PGMS-M08-09 Pre-clinical Discovery and Development

            PGMS-M08-10 Healthcare Marketplace

            PGMS-M08-11 Ethical and Legal Aspects of Pharmaceutical Medicine

            PGMS-M08-12 Pharmacoeconomics

            PGMS-M08-21 Research Methods

            PGMS-M08-20 Dissertation

Affiliations

Society Memberships

Society of Biology

Royal College of Pathologists

Round Table Group's expert in toxicology

Affiliations

Professional Qualifications

European Professional Biologist (EurProBiol) 2008, European Countries Biologists Association

Fellow of the Society of Biology and Chartered Biologists’ (CBiol FSBiol), 2008, Society of Biology, UK

Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists (FRCPath) by published works in toxicology, 2008, Royal College of Pathologists, UK

Other Responsibilities

 Member of the Editorial Board for the Open Dermatology Journal