Professor Graham Bird

Biography

Graham Bird joined the University of Surrey in 1975 and was promoted to full professor in 1987. He is currently a Professorial Research Fellow in the School of Economics. He is also a Visiting Professor at Claremont McKenna College in the United States and a Clinical Professor at Claremont Graduate University. He has given talks and presented papers at many universities throughout the world including Harvard, Princeton, Yale and Stanford. At Surrey he was Head of Department for twelve years between 1986 and 1998 and served on the Steering Committee of the Royal Economic Society’s Conference of Heads of University Departments of Economics (CHUDE) and on the Quality Assurance Agency’s Benchmarking Group that set standards for teaching Economics at universities in the UK. He has been a consultant to the Commonwealth Secretariat, World Bank, World Institute for Development Economics Research, European Central Bank, UNICEF and UNDP, and has been a ‘high level’ expert adviser to the Independent Evaluation Office of the IMF. He has also been a visiting scholar in the IMF’s research department, as well as the Institute for International Economic Studies in Stockholm, the Harvard Institute for International Development and the Overseas Development Institute in London. He is the author of approaching 250 publications including 22 books and monographs, and is on the editorial board of three journals. His research often crosses conventional disciplinary boundaries and his published papers have appeared in leading economics, development and international relations journals (see CV for a complete list of publications). Many of Professor Bird’s papers have been heavily cited and widely used by policy makers. For some years he has been ranked in the top 5 per cent of authors in economics world wide based on his research output and citations. He is currently working on two books and a number of papers dealing with the IMF, international macroeconomic policy, international finance and economic development.

Publications

Graham Bird’s publications, March, 2013

Books and Monographs

The International Monetary Fund and the World Economy, International Library of Critical Writings in Economics Series, (Two Volumes) Edward Elgar Publishing (joint editor with Dane Rowlands), 2007, pp 563 (Vol. 1) and 548 (Vol. 2).

An Introduction to International Macroeconomics: Theory, Policy and Applications, Palgrave, 2007.

International Finance and the Developing Economies, Palgrave, 2004, 312pp.

The IMF and the Future: Issues and Options Facing the Fund, Routledge, 2003, 299pp.

The Evolving Asian Financial Architecture, Essays in International Economics, No 226, Princeton University, February 2002, 60pp (with Ramkishen Rajan).

International Macroeconomics: Theory, Policy and Applications, Macmillan, 1998, 171pp (first edition 1987).

The Bretton Woods Institutions: A Commonwealth Perspective, Commonwealth Secretariat Monograph, 1995, 36pp (with Tony Killick).

Classical Writings in Economics: International Debt, Vols. I and II, Edward Elgar, 1995, 533pp and 385pp (joint editor with Nicholas Snowden).

IMF Lending to Developing Countries: Issues and Policies, Routledge, 1995, 208pp.

Economic Assistance to Low Income Countries: Should the Link be Resurrected?, Essays in International Finance, No. 193, Princeton University, July 1994, 29pp.

Latin America’s Economic Future?, Academic Press, Spring 1994, 339pp (joint contributing editor).

International Aspects of Economic Development, Surrey University Press with Academic Press, 1992, 250pp (contributing editor).

Economic Reform in Eastern Europe, Edward Elgar, 1992, 187pp (contributing editor).

Contemporary Issues in Applied Economics, Edward Elgar, 1991, 288pp (joint contributing editor).

The International Financial Regime, Surrey University Press with Academic Press, 1990, 343pp (contributing editor).

Third World Debt: The Search for a Solution, Edward Elgar, 1989, 239pp (contributing editor).

Loan Loss Provisions and Third World Debt, Essays in International Finance, No.176, Princeton University, November 1989, 30pp.

Commercial Bank Lending and Third World Debt, Macmillan, 1989, 149pp.

Managing Global Money: Essays in International Financial Economics, Macmillan, 1988, 304pp.

International Financial Policy and Economic Development: A Disaggregated Approach, Macmillan, 1987, 348pp.

World Finance and Adjustment: An Agenda for Reform, Macmillan, 1985, 353pp.

The Quest for Economic Stabilisation: The IMF and the Third World, Heinemann, 1984, 340pp (with Tony Killick, Jennifer Sharpley and Mary Sutton).

The International Monetary System and the Less Developed Countries, Macmillan, 1982, 352pp (first edition 1978).

Recycling International Finance: An Appraisal and Proposals for Reform, Société Universitaire Européene de Recherches Financières, Series 36A, 1982, 28pp.

 

Articles in Refereed Academic Journals

‘Fiscal Imbalances and Output Crises in Europe: Will the Fiscal Compact Help or Hinder?’ Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 16 (1), 2013, pp 1-16, (with Alex Mandilaras).

‘The Collapse of Consensus: the Contemporary Confusion over Macroeconomic Policy,’ World Economics, 14 (1), 2013, pp 141-152.

‘Dealing with Global Economic Imbalances: the Political Economy of Policy Coordination,’ Global Economic Review, 41 (4), 2012, pp 299-317.

‘Is There a Beijing Consensus on International Macroeconomic Policy?’ World Development, 40 (10), 2012, pp 1933-1943, (with Alex Mandilaras and Helen Popper).

‘Breaking Up Is Hard to Do:  the Eurozone and the Political Economy of Monetary Disintegration,’ World Economics, 13 (3), 2012, pp 1-12.

‘Managing Capital Surges,’ World Economics, 13 (1), 2012, pp 173-188.

‘Currency Wars: Rhetoric and Reality,’ World Economics, 12 (4), 2011, pp 121-136 (with Thomas Willett).

‘Prospects for the Evolution of Global Reserves,’ World Economics, 12 (3), 2011, pp 191-212.

‘Fault Lines and Fractures Threatening the World Economy,’ World Economics, 12 (3), 2011, pp 219-224.

‘The G20 After the Seoul Summit: G Force or G String,’ World Economics, 12 (1), 2011, pp 193-202.

‘Once Bitten: The Effects of IMF Programs on Subsequent Reserve Behavior,’ Review of Development Economics, 15 (2), 2011, pp 264 -278 (with Alex Mandilaras).

‘The IMF and the Challenges it Faces,’ World Economics, 11 (4), 2010, pp 131 – 156 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘The Episodic and Unpredictable Nature of IMF Lending: An Empirical Analysis,’ The World Economy, 33 (10), 2010, pp 1280 – 1301 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘A Markov Switching Analysis of Contagion in the EMS,’ Journal of International Money and Finance, 29 (6), 2010, pp 1062 – 1075 (with Alex Mandilaras).

‘The Eurozone: What Now?’ World Economics, 11 (3), 2010, pp 41-59.

‘Revisiting Mrs. Machlup’s Wardrobe: The Accumulation of International Reserves, 1992-2001,’ Applied Economics Letters, 17 (5), 2010, pp 467-471 (with Alex Mandilaras).

‘Special Drawing Rights: How Fashions Change,’ World Economics, 11 (1) 2010, pp 83-98.

‘Aid and Debt Relief in Africa: Have They Been Substitutes or Complements?’ World Development, 38 (3) 2010, pp 219-227 (with Robert Powell).

‘The SDR Aid Link: It’s Now or Never,’ Development Policy Review, 28 (1) 2010, pp 63-74.

‘Exchange Rate Regimes in Developing and Emerging Economies and the Incidence of IMF Programs,’ World Development, 37 (12) 2009, pp 1839-1848 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘A Disaggregated Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of IMF Arrangements: Does One Model Fit All?’ Journal of International Development, 21, 2009, pp 915-931 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘The IMF’s Role in Mobilizing Private Capital Flows: Are There Grounds for Catalytic Conversion?’ Applied Economics Letters, 16 (17) 2009, 1705-1708 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘Reforming IMF Conditionality: From Streamlining to Major Overhaul,’ World Economics, 10 (3) 2009, pp 81-104.

‘So Far So Good, But Still Some Missing Links: A Report Card on the G20 London Summit,’ World Economics, 10 (2) 2009, pp 1-10.

‘The Dangers of Déjà Vu Economics,’ World Economics, 10 (1) 2009, pp 157-166

‘Why Do Governments Delay Devaluation: The Political Economy of Exchange Rate Inertia,’ World Economics, 9 (4) 2008, pp 55-74 (with Thomas D. Willett).

‘Turkey and the IMF: A Case Study in the Political Economy of Policy Implementation,’ Review of International Organizations, 4 (2) 2009, pp135-157 (with Ozlem Arpac).

‘Unwinding Global Economic Imbalances: What’s Growth Got to Do with It?’ World Economics, 9 (3), 2008, pp 211-215.

‘Global Imbalances and the Lessons of Bretton Woods: A Review Essay,’ World Economics, 9 (3), 2008, pp 229-233 (with Thomas D. Willett).

‘Catalyzing Private Capital Flows and IMF Programs: Some Remaining Questions,’ Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 11 (1), 2008, pp 37-43 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘Foreign Exchange Pressures in Latin America: Does Debt Matter?’ Journal of International Development, 20 (5), 2008, pp 613-627 (with Alex Mandilaras).

‘Stop Interrupting: An Empirical Analysis of the Implementation of IMF Programs,’ World Development, 36 (9), 2008, pp1493-1513 (with Ozlem Arpac and Alex Mandilaras).

‘International Terrorism: Causes, Consequences and Cures,’ The World Economy, 31 (2), 2008, pp 255-74 (with S. Brock Blomberg and Gregory Hess).

‘The Implementation of IMF Programs: A Conceptual Framework,’ Review of International Organizations, 3 (1), 2008, pp 41-64.

‘Multilateral Surveillance: Is the IMF Shooting for the Stars?’ World Economics, 8 (4), 2007, pp.167-189 (with Thomas D. Willett).

'Should It Be Curtains for Some of the IMF's Lending Windows?' Review of International Organizations, 2 (3), 2007, pp 281-299 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘The IMF: A Bird’s Eye View of Its Role and Operations,’ Journal of Economic Surveys, 21 (4) 2007, pp 683- 745.

‘The IMF and the Mobilisation of Foreign Aid,’ Journal of Development Studies, 43 (5), 2007, pp 856-870 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘On Solving the World’s Economic Problems by Doing Something Unfashionable,’ World Economics, 8 (2), 2007, pp 119-131.

‘The Political Economy of Sequencing: the Trade and Monetary Components of Regional Integration,’ North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 18, 2007, pp 335 – 341 (with Ramkishen Rajan).

‘Foreign Exchange Markets in South East Asia 1990 – 2004: An Empirical Analysis of Spillovers during Crisis and Non–crisis Periods,’ North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 18, 2007, pp 41-57 (with Alex Mandilaras).

‘Running the IMF: Reducing Political Bias and Increasing Independence,’ World Economics, 7 (4) 2006, pp 111-124.

‘Regional Heterogeneity in the Relationship Between Fiscal Imbalances and Foreign Exchange Market Pressure,’ World Development, 34 (7), 2006, pp 1171-1181 (with Alex Mandilaras).

‘Are Mr.de Rato’s Spectacles Rose Tinted? Globalisation and the IMF’s Medium Term Strategy,’ World Economics, 7, (2), 2006, pp 1 -17.

‘Are We Heading for a Dollar Crisis?’ World Economics, 7 (1), 2006, pp 159 - 174.

‘IMF Quotas: Constructing an International Organization Using Inferior Building Blocks,’ Review of International Organizations, 1 (2), 2006, pp 153 -171 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘Over-Optimism and the IMF,’ The World Economy, 28 (9), 2005, pp 1355 -1373.

‘Reserve Accumulation in Asia: Lessons for the Holistic Reform of the International Monetary System,’ World Economics, 6 (1), 2005, pp 85-99 (with Alex Mandilaras).

‘Precautionary Reserve Holdings in Asia: Examining the Case for a Regional Reserve Pool,’ Asia Pacific Journal of Economics and Business, 9 (1), 2005, pp 21 - 39 (with Ramkishen Rajan and Reza Siregar).

‘Financing Balance of Payments Adjustment: Options in the Light of the Elusive Catalytic Effect’, Comparative Economic Studies, 46, 2004, pp 468-486 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘IMF Conditionality, Implementation and the New Political Economy of Ownership’, Comparative Economic Studies, 46, 2004, pp 423-450 (with Thomas Willett).

‘The IMF Forever: An Analysis of the Prolonged Use of Fund Resources’, Journal of Development Studies, 40 (6), 2004, pp 30-58.

‘Growth, Poverty and the IMF’, Journal of International Development, 16, 2004, pp 621-636.

‘Financial Liberalisation in Southern Africa: An Assessment’, Development Policy Review, 22 (3), 2004, pp 287-307 (with Obert Nyawata).

‘Does the IMF Perform a Catalytic Role? And What If It Doesn’t?’ World Economics, 5 (1), 2004, pp 117-132 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘Does Devaluation Lead to Economic Recovery or Economic Contraction? Theory and Policy with Reference to Thailand’, Journal of International Development, 16, 2004, pp 141-156 (with Ramkishan Rajan).

‘Many Happy Returns: Recidivism and the IMF’ Journal of International Money and Finance, 23, 2004, pp 231-251 (with M. Hussain and J. Joyce).

'Banks, Maturity Mismatches and Liquidity Crises: A Simple Model,’ Economia Internazionale, LV1, 2, 2003, pp 185-192 (with Ramkishen Rajan).

‘Political Economy Influences within the Life Cycle of IMF Programmes,’ The World Economy, 26 (9), 2003, pp 1255-1278 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘Too Much of a Good Thing? The Adequacy of International Reserves in the Aftermath of Crises’, The World Economy, 26 (6), 2003, 873-891 (with Ramkishen Rajan).

‘Viral Spiral? Contagion, Interdependence and Fundamentals in Latin America,’ New Economy 10, (3), September, 2003, pp 181-186 (with Alex Mandilaras).

‘Restructuring the IMF’s Lending Facilities,’ The World Economy, 26 (2), February, 2003, pp 229-245.

‘Debt Relief For Low Income Countries: Is It Effective and Efficient?’ The World Economy, 26 (1), January, 2003, pp 43-59 (with Alistair Milne).

‘The Pattern of IMF Lending: An Analysis of Prediction Failures,’ Journal of Policy Reform, 5, (3), 2002, pp 173-186 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘Will Asian Economies Gain from Liberalizing Trade in Services?’ Journal of World Trade, 26 (6), Dec, 2002, pp 1061-1079 (with Ramkishen Rajan).

‘Regional Arrangements for Providing Liquidity in a Financial Crisis: Developments in East Asia,’ Pacific Review, 15 (3), 2002, pp 359-379 (with Ramkishen Rajan).

‘The Credibility and Signaling Effect of IMF Programmes,’ Journal of Policy Modeling, 24, 2002, pp799-811.

‘Cry for Argentina: Not for its Currency Board,’ New Economy, 9 (3), September, 2002, pp159-165.

‘The Completion Rate of IMF Programmes: What We Know, Don’t Know and Need to Know,’ The World Economy, 25 (6), June, 2002, pp 833-847.

‘Optimal Currency Baskets and the Third Currency Phenomenon: Exchange Rate Policy in Southeast Asia,’ Journal of International Development, 14, 2002, pp1-23 (with Ramkishen Rajan).

‘Do IMF Programmes Have a Catalytic Effect on Other International Capital Flows?’ Oxford Development Studies, 20 (3), 2002, pp 229-249 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘What Difference Does it Make?’ The Global Economic Effects of International Terrorism’, New Economy, 9 (2), 2002, pp 106-112.

‘Does FDI Guarantee the Stability of International Capital Flows? Evidence from Malaysia,’ Development Policy Review, 20, 2, May, 2002, pp191-202 (with Ramkishen Rajan).

'Where Do We Stand on Choosing Exchange Rate Regimes in Developing and Emerging Economies,’ World Economics, 3 (11), 2002, pp 145-167.

'What Happened to the Washington Consensus?' World Economics, 2 (4), 2001, pp 33-51.

‘IMF Lending: How Is It Affected by Economic, Political and Institutional Factors?,’ Journal of Policy Reform, 4 (3), 2001 pp 243-270 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘IMF Programs: Do They Work? Can They Be Made to Work Better?' World Development, 29 (11), 2001, pp 1849-1865.

‘A Suitable Case for Treatment? Understanding the On-going Debate About the IMF,’ Third World Quarterly, 22 (5), 2001, pp 823-848.

‘Still the Weakest Link: the Domestic Financial System and Post-1998 Recovery in East Asia,’ Development Policy Review, 19 (3), 2001, pp 355-366 (with Ramkishen Rajan).

‘Economic Globalization: How Far and How Much Further?’ World Economics, 2 (3), 2001, pp 1-18 (with Ramkishen Rajan).

‘Banks, Financial Liberalisation and Financial Crises in Emerging Markets,’ The World Economy, 24 (7), 2001, pp 889-910 (with Ramkishen Rajan).

‘World Bank Lending and Other Financial Flows: Is There a Connection?’ Journal of Development Studies, 37 (5), 2001 pp 83-103 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘IMF Programmes: Is There a Conditionality Laffer Curve?’ World Economics, 2 (2), 2001, pp 29-49

‘Is Dollarisation a Viable Option for Latin America?’ World Economics, 2 (1), 2001, pp 137-147

‘Conducting Macroeconomic Policy in Developing Countries: Piece of Cake or Mission Impossible?’ Third World Quarterly, 22 (1) 2001, pp 37-49

‘Coping With or Cashing In on Capital Volatility,’ Journal of International Development, 13, 2001, pp 1-24 (with Ramkishen Rajan)

‘Remodelling the Multilateral Financial Institutions,’ Global Governance, 7 (1), 2001, pp 5-93 (with Joseph P. Joyce).

‘Restraining Capital Flows: What Does It Mean?’ Global Economy Quarterly, 1 (2), 2001, pp 57-80 (with Ramkishen Rajan).

‘International Currency Taxation and Exchange Rate Stabilisation in Developing Countries,’ Journal of Development Studies, 37 (3), 2001, pp 21-38 (with Ramkishen Rajan)

‘Catalysis or Direct Borrowing: The Role of the IMF in Mobilising Private Capital,’ The World Economy, 24 (1), 2001, pp 81-98 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘The Catalyzing Role of Policy-Based Lending by the IMF and the World Bank: Fact or Fiction?’ Journal of International Development, 12, 2000, pp 951-973 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘Sins of the Commission: The Meltzer Report on International Financial Institutions,’ World Economics, 1 (3), 2000, pp 17-29.

‘Reforming the IMF: Should the Fund Abandon Conditionality?’ New Economy, 7 (4), 2000, pp 214-218.

‘Debt Relief for Poor Countries: Distinguishing Rhetoric from Reality,’ New Economy, 7 (4), 2000, pp 199-204 (with Alistair Milne).

‘Do the Multilaterals Catalyse Other Capital Flows? A Case Study Analysis,’ Third World Quarterly, 21 (3), 2000, pp 483-503 (with Antonella Mori and Dane Rowlands).

‘Is there a Case for an Asian Monetary Fund?’ World Economics, 11 (2), 2000, pp 135-144 (with Ramkishen Rajan).

‘Reforming the IMF: Long-Term Lessons from Short-Term Crises’, International Review of Economics and Business, 3 (1), 2000, pp 1-24.

‘Time for Tobin?’ New Economy, 6 (4), 1999, pp 229-233 (with Ramkishen Rajan).

‘Crisis Averter, Crisis Lender, Crisis Manager: the IMF in Search of a Systemic Role,’ The World Economy, 22 (7), 1999, pp 955-975.

‘Miracle to Meltdown: A Pathology of the East Asian Financial Crisis,’ Third World Quarterly, 20 (2), 1999, pp 421-438 (with Alistair Milne).

‘Capital Liberalisation: Accounting for Imperfection,’ New Economy, 6 (1), 1999, pp 50-55.

‘How Important is Sound Domestic Macroeconomics in Attracting Capital Inflows to Developing Countries?’ Journal of International Development, 11, 1999, pp 1-26.

‘The Political Economy of Foreign Aid: Fatigue or Regeneration?’ International Review of Economics and Business, 2 (2), 1999, pp 1-24.

‘Convertibility and Volatility: the Pros and Cons of Liberalizing the Capital Account,’ Economic Notes, 27 (2/3), 1998, pp 35-52.

‘The Rise and Fall of the SDR: The Political Economy of an International Reserve Asset,’ Global Governance, 4, 1998, pp 355-379.

‘Foreign Aid: Where Now?’ Economic Review, 16 (1), 1998, pp 12-15.

‘Exchange Rate Policy in Developing Countries: What is Left of the Nominal Anchor Approach?’ Third World Quarterly, 19 (2), 1998, pp 255-276.

‘Dealing with African Debt’, New Economy, 5 (1), 1998, pp 62-67.

‘The Effectiveness of Conditionality and the Political Economy of Policy Reform: Is It Simply a Matter of Political Will?’ Journal of Policy Reform, 1, 1998, pp 89-113.

‘The Catalytic Effect of Lending by the International Financial Institutions’, The World Economy, 20 (7), 1997, pp 967-991 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘External Financing and Balance of Payments Adjustment in Developing Countries: Getting a Better Policy Mix’, World Development, 25 (9), 1997, pp 1409-1420.

‘Can the IMF be Rescued?’ New Economy, 4 (3), 1997, pp 182-187.

‘Can Neo-Liberalism Survive in Latin America?’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 26 (1), 1997, pp 31-56 (with Ann Helwege).
         ‘From Banks to Bonds: A Problem Resolved? A Perspective from the LDC Debt Literature’, Journal of International Development, 9 (2), 1997, pp207-220, 1996 (with Nick Snowden).
         ‘Borrowing from the IMF: The Policy Implications of Recent Empirical Research’, World Development, 24 (11), 1996, pp 1753-1760.
‘The IMF and Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence and Policy Options’, International Organization, 50 (3), 1996, pp 477-512.

‘The Bretton Woods Institutions and the Political Economy of the International Monetary Reform’, The World Economy, 19 (2), 1996, pp 143-147.

‘From Bretton Woods to Halifax and Beyond: The Political Economy of International Monetary Reform’, The World Economy, 19 (2), 1996, pp 149-172.

‘On Linking International Monetary Reform and Economic Assistance to Low Income Countries’, Social and Economic Studies, 44 (2), 1995.

‘Managing the World Economy: A Future for the IMF?’ The Economic Review, 12 (4), April 1995, pp 31-35.

‘The Myths and Realities of IMF Lending’, The World Economy, 17 (5), 1994, pp 759-778.

‘Changing Partners, and the Changing Perspectives and Policies of the Bretton Woods Institutions’, Third World Quarterly, 15 (3), 1994, pp 483-504.

‘Sisters in Economic Development: The Bretton Woods Institutions and Developing Countries’, Journal of International Development, 5 (1), 1993, pp 1-26.

‘The Economics of Managing a University’, Studies in Higher Education, 17 (3), 1992, pp 265-280.

‘Global Environmental Degradation and International Resource Transfers’, Global Environmental Change, 2 (3), 1992, pp 229-238.

‘Ten Years Older and Deeper in Debt? The Developing Country Debt Problem in Retrospect and Prospect’, Economics, Spring 1992, pp 19-26.

‘A Vulnerable Democracy’, Energy Policy, 1991, pp 407-408.

‘Debt, Deficits and Dollars: the World Economy in 3-D’, World Development, 1991, pp 245-254.

‘International Co-ordination of Macroeconomic Policy’, The Economic Review, 1990, pp 36-41.

‘Debt Swapping and the Developing Countries: A Preliminary Investigation’, Journal of Development Studies, April 1988, pp 293-309.

‘Does the International Financial System Discriminate Against Developing Countries’, Intereconomics, 25, March/April 1988, pp 75 78.

‘A Strategy for Global Debt’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, December 1987, pp 473 87.

‘Interest Rate Compensation and Debt: Would a Cap Fit?’ World Development, September 1987, pp 1237 42.

‘Oil Prices and Debt’, Royal Bank of Scotland Review, June 1987, pp 3 17.

‘Debt Conversion in Principle and Practice’, Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review, June 1987, pp 183 96.

‘New Approaches to Country Risk’, Lloyds Bank Review, October 1986, pp 1 16.

‘A Critical Review of Proposals for Financial Co operation Among Developing Countries’, Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review, December 1985, pp 279 290 (with Jeremy Oppenheim).

‘Managing the World Economy: Old Order, New Order or Disorder?’ Journal of Development Studies, October 1985, pp 243 250.

‘Understanding International Debt’, Economics, Summer 1985, pp 49 56.

‘Commercial Credit to Developing Countries: A Preliminary Investigation into the Theory of International Bank Lending’, International Journal of Development Banking, January 1985, pp 5 14.

‘IMF Policies in Developing Countries: The Case for Change’, The Banker, April 1984, pp 31 36 (with Tony Killick, Jennifer Sharpley and Mary Sutton).

‘An Agenda for International Monetary Reform’, Economics, Summer 1984, pp 58 60.

‘Recycling and OPEC: The Need for New Instruments’, Energy Policy, March 1984, pp 33 45.

‘Reforming the Fund: The Future of the International Monetary Fund in the International Financial System’, Three Banks Review, December 1983, pp 3 21.

‘Low Income Countries and International Financial Reform’, Journal of Developing Areas, October 1983, pp 53 76.

‘The Banks and the IMF: Division of Labour’, Lloyds Bank Review, October 1983, pp 19 33.

‘The International Monetary Fund and Developing Countries: Retrospect and Prospect’, De Economist, 2, 1983, pp 161 195.

‘Low Income Countries as a Special Case in the International Financial System: An Analysis of Some Proposals for Reform’, Economic Notes, 2, 1983, pp 5 20.

‘Should Developing Countries Use Currency Depreciation as a Tool of Balance of Payments Adjustment?  A Review of the Theory and Evidence and a Guide for the Policy Maker’, Journal of Development Studies, July 1983, pp 461 484.

‘Interest Rate Subsidies on International Finance as a Means of Assisting Low Income Countries’, World Development, June 1983, pp 515 525.

‘A Role for the International Monetary Fund in Economic Development’, Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review, December 1982, pp 427 451.

‘Towards a New International Economic Order?  Progress Report and Prognosis’, ODI Review, 2, 1982, pp 57 64.

‘Is the SDR Link Still Relevant for Developing Countries?’, The Banker, June 1982, pp 63 69.

‘IMF Conditionality and the Needs of Developing Countries’, Intereconomics, January February 1982, pp 32 42.

‘SDR Distribution, Interest Rates and Aid Flows’, The World Economy, December 1981, pp 419 427.

‘The IMF and Developing Countries’, Development Research Digest, 6, Winter 1981 (with Tony Killick).

‘Acerca del uso de la reforma monetaria internacional en beneficio de los paises en deserrollo’, Economica, September December 1981, pp 143 161.

‘On Using International Monetary Reform for the Benefit of Developing Countries’, Economic Notes, 1, 1981, pp 29 45.

‘Foreign Aid: The Issues’, National Westminster Bank Quarterly Review, August 1981, pp 36 51 (with Peter Gutmann).

‘Reserve Currency Consolidation, Gold Policy and Financial Flows to Developing Countries: Mechanisms for an Aid Augmented Substitution Account’, World Development, July 1981, pp 609 619.

‘Financing Balance of Payments Deficits in Developing Countries: The Roles of Official and Private Sectors and the Scope for Co operation Between Them’, Third World Quarterly, July 1981, pp 473 488.

‘Developing Country Finances: Present and Future’, Futures, June 1981, pp 191 205.

‘An Analysis of Drawings on the International Monetary Fund by Developing Countries’, World Development, June 1981, pp 563 568 (with Timothy Orme).

‘Financial Flows to Developing Countries: The Role of the International Monetary Fund’, Review of International Studies, April 1981, pp 91 105.

‘The Mix Between Adjustment and Financing: Geometrical Presentations of Factors Affecting the Different Choices Made by Developed and Developing Countries’, Indian Economic Review, April-June 1980, pp 155-164.

‘Some Proposals for Increasing the Size and Improving the Nature of Financial Flows to Developing Countries’, International Review of Economics and Business, October-November 1980, pp 1038-1054.

‘The Controversial Economics of the Brandt Report’, The World  Today, December 1980, pp 463 468 (reprinted in the Institute of Development Studies Bulletin and in the Economic Digest).

‘The Brandt Report and Economic Theory’, Economics, Winter 1980, pp 105 106.

‘Financing Economic Development: Why a New International Development Organization is Needed’, Intereconomics, July/August 1980, pp 185 187.

‘Order and Disorder in International Monetary Arrangements: A Perspective on the 1970s’, Economics, Spring 1980, pp 8 11.

‘Beyond the Brandt Report: A Strategy for World Economic Development’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, Spring 1980, pp 55 66.

‘Commercial Borrowing by Less Developed Countries’, Third World Quarterly, April 1980, pp 270 282.

‘The International Monetary Fund as a Source of International Finance for Developing Countries: A Critical Appraisal’, Indian Journal of Economics, April 1980, pp 93 442.

‘Buffer Stocks: The Cases For and Against’, Economic Notes, 2, 1979, pp 106 111.

‘The Terms of Trade of Developing Countries: Theory, Evidence and Policy’, Economia Internazionale, November 1979, pp 399 413.

‘An Integrated Programme for Finance and Aid’, The Banker, September 1979, pp 87 93.

‘IMF Quotas, Conditionality and the Developing Countries’, ODI Review, 2, 1979, pp 57 71.

‘The Choice of Exchange Rate Regime by Developing Countries’, Philippine Economic Journal, 39, 1979, pp 148 162.

‘An Integrated Programme for Finance and Aid’, International Foundation for Development Alternatives, Dossier 8, June 1979.

‘The Benefits of Special Drawing Rights for Less Developed Countries’, World Development, March 1979, pp 281 290.

‘Devaluation versus Monetary Contraction as Appropriate Balance of Payments Policy in Less Developed Countries’, Indian Journal of Economics, January 1979.

‘Special Drawing Rights: Ten Years On’, Economics, Winter 1978, pp 110 111.

‘An Analysis of the Welfare Gains from Special Drawing Rights’, Economia Internazionale, August November 1978, pp 177 185.

‘The Choice between Balance of Payments Adjustment and Financing: A Graphical Exposition’, Malayan Economic Review, October 1978, pp 16 20.

‘International Liquidity and the Developing Countries’, Economic Notes, 6 (1), 1977, pp 77 88.

‘Less Developed Countries and the Reform of the International Monetary System’, ODI Review, 1, 1977, pp 68 91.

‘The Role of SDRs in Financing Commodity Stabilization’, Journal of World Trade Law, July August 1976, pp 371 379.

‘The Informal Link between SDR Allocation and Aid’, Journal of Development Studies, April 1976, pp 268 273.

‘Primary Product Price Instability: A Proposal for Financing Stabilization Schemes’, Economic Notes, 4(2), 1975, pp 63 72.

‘International Monetary Issues and the Developing Countries: A Survey’, World Development, September 1975, pp 609 631 (with Geoffrey Maynard) (reprinted in Streeten and Jolly, op. cit.).

‘The Liquidity Aid Link and the Maintenance of Full Employment and Balance of Payments Equilibrium in Developed Countries’, Economic Notes, 3(3), 1974, pp 157 163.

‘Some Approaches to the Simultaneous Achievement of Both Internal and External Balance’, Economics, Summer 1973, pp 329 348.

‘Inflation and the Real Mortgage Effect’, Banker's Magazine, December 1972, pp 241 243 (with David Miner).

‘The Dollar Crisis and Settlement in Perspective’, Economics, Spring 1972, pp 38 42.

 

Contributions to Edited Books

‘The World’s Liquidity Arrangements: the Easiest Item on a Holistic Agenda for International Monetary Reform,’ in U.Volz and A.Caliari, eds, Regional and Global Liquidity Arrangements, German Development Institute, 2010.
             
‘Financier or Facilitator: The Changing Role of the IMF in Low Income Countries,’ in James Boughton and Domenico Lombardi, eds, Finance, Development and the IMF, Oxford University Press, 2009 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘Debt Relief in Low Income Countries: Background, Evolution and Effects,’ in James Boughton and Domenico Lombardi, eds, Finance, Development and the IMF, Oxford University Press, 2009 (with Robert Powell).

‘Evolution in Macroeconomics: Principles, Policy and Performance,’ in R. Roy, A. Denzau and T. Willett, eds. Neoliberalism: National and Regional Experiments with Global Ideas, Routledge, 2007, pp 97-113.           

‘The Demand for IMF Assistance: What Factors Influence the Decision to Turn to the Fund?’ in J.Vreeland, G. Ranis and S.Kosack, eds. Globalisation and the Nation State: the Impact of the IMF and the World Bank, Routledge, 2006, pp 231-262 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘Should the IMF Discontinue Its Long Term Lending Role in Developing Countries?’ in J.Vreeland, G.Ranis and S.Kosack, eds. Globalisation and the Nation State: the Impact of the IMF and the World Bank, Routledge, 2006, pp 378-403 (with Paul Mosley).

‘What Determines IMF Arrangements?’ in A.Paloni and M. Zanardi, eds, The IMF, World Bank and Policy Reform, Routledge, 2006, pp 49-63 (with Dane Rowlands).

‘The IMF and Poor Countries: Towards a More Fulfilling Relationship,’ in J. Teunissen and A. Akkerman, eds. Helping the Poor? The IMF and Low Income Countries, FONDAD, 2005, pp 16-61.

'The IMF's Role in Developing Countries', in C.L.Gilbert and D. Vines, eds, The IMF and International Financial Architecture, Cambridge University Press,  2004, pp 288-315 (with Paul Mosley).

'The Catalysing Role of Policy-Based Lending by the IMF and the World Bank: Fact or Fiction' in D.K.Das, An International Finance Reader, Routledge,  2003, pp 180-203 ( with Dane Rowlands).

‘Latin America's Balance of Payments: Pessimism or Cautious Optimism?’, in G. Bird and A. Helwege (eds), Latin America's Economic Future?, Academic Press, 1994, pp 109-144.

‘Does the World Still Need the IMF?’, in S. Mansoob Murshed and K. Raffer (eds), Trade, Transfers and Development, Edward Elgar, 1993, pp 166-180.

‘Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe: Central Issues in the Move to Market Economies’, in G. Bird (ed), Economic Reform in Eastern Europe, Edward Elgar, 1992, pp 1-20 (with H. Bird).

‘The Bretton Woods Institutions and Developing Countries: Analysing the Past and Anticipating the Future’, in G. Bird (ed), International Aspects of Economic Development, Surrey University Press with Academic Press, 1992, pp 211-239.

‘International Aspects of Economic Development: A Contextual Introduction’, in G. Bird (ed), International Aspects of Economic Development, Surrey University Press with Academic Press, 1992, pp 1-10.

‘The International Co-ordination of Macroeconomic Policy’, in G. Bird and H. Bird (eds), Contemporary Issues in Applied Economics, Edward Elgar, 1991, pp 204-217.

‘The Third World Debt Crisis: Causes and Cures’, in G. Bird and H. Bird (eds), Contemporary Issues in Applied Economics, Edward Elgar, 1991, pp 234-253.

‘Introduction: Issues in the Evolving International Financial Regime’, in G. Bird (ed), The International Financial Regime, Academic Press with Surrey University Press, 1990, pp 1-8.

‘The International Financial Regime and the Developing World’, in G. Bird (ed), The International Financial Regime, op. cit., pp 225-282.

‘Evaluating the Effects of IMF-Supported Programmes: An Analytical Commentary on the Empirical Evidence’, in K. Phylaktis and M. Pradhan (eds), International Finance and the Less Developed Countries, Macmillan, 1990, pp 25-41.

‘Introduction’, in G. Bird (ed), Third World Debt: The Search for a Solution, Edward Elgar, 1989, pp 1-19.

‘Strategic Plans or Muddling Through: The Generics of Third World Debt Policy’, in G. Bird (ed), Third World Debt: The Search for a Solution, Edward Elgar, 1989, pp 189-217.

‘The Changing International Economic Order and the Interests of Developing Countries’, in C. Thomas and P. Saravanamuttu (eds), Conflict and Consensus in South North Security, Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp 59-74.

‘World Debt, Financing, Structural Adjustment and the Official Sector’, in H. W. Singer and S. Soumitra (eds), Economic Development and World Debt, Macmillan, 1989, pp 245-259.

‘The Keynes Plan and the Developing Economies’, in A. P. Thirlwall (ed), Keynes and Economic Development, Macmillan, 1987, pp 107-116.

‘Commodity Price Stabilisation and International Financial Policy’, in R. Tandon and N. Hatti (eds), International Commodity Policy, Ashish Publishing, 1987, pp 805-833.

‘The Developing World: Does it Constitute a Special Case in the International Financial System?’, in H. Singer, N. Hatti and R. Tandon (eds), Resource Transfer and Debt Trap, Ashish Publishing, 1987, pp 60-97.

‘Balance of Payments Adjustment and Financing in Developing Countries’, in H. Singer, N. Hatti and R. Tandon (eds), Progress Towards a New International Economic Order: Money and Finance, Ashish Publishing, 1987, pp 207-236.

‘Adjustment and the Balance of Payments’ in D. T. Healey (ed), Structural Adjustment in Developing Countries, John Hopkins University Press, 1985.

‘Balance of Payments Management: The Third World and the IMF’, in L. Tsoukalis (ed), The Political Economy of International Money: In Search of a New Order, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Sage, 1985, pp 233 259 (with Tony Killick).

‘The IMF: Case for a Change in Emphasis’, in R. Feinberg and V. Kallab (eds), Adjustment Crisis in the Third World, US Third World Policy Perspectives, No. 1, Overseas Development Council, 1984, pp 59 82 (with Tony Killick, Jennifer Sharpley and Mary Sutton).

‘Developing Country Interests in Proposals for International Monetary Reform’, in T. Killick (ed), Adjustment and Financing in the Developing World, IMF/ODI, 1982, pp 198 232.

‘International Monetary Issues and the Developing Countries: A Postscript to the Survey’, in P. Streeten and R. Jolly (eds), Issues in World Development, Pergamon, 1981, pp 367-373.

‘The Net Impact of Government Expenditure and Taxation on the Economies of Various Countries  and its Connection with Inflation’, University of Reading Department of Economics, Discussion Paper 32, 33 pp (with Geoffrey Maynard), published in slightly amended form as ‘The Contribution of Government to Inflation in OECD Countries’, in G. Maynard and W. Van Rycheghem, World of Inflation, Batsford, 1976.