Dr Mark Baker
Reader in Surface Science and Engineering
Qualifications: CSci MIMMM
Email: m.baker@surrey.ac.uk
Phone: Work: 01483 68 6294
Room no: 10 AB 03
Office hours
9.00 - 18.00
Further information
Biography
2011 - Present: Reader, University of Surrey
2004 - 2011: Senior Lecturer, University of Surrey
1999 - 2004: Lecturer, University of Surrey
1993 - 1999: Research Scientist, Surface Engineering Unit, EU Institute for Advanced Materials, Ispra, Italy
1990 - 1993: Postdoctoral Scientist, University of Surrey
1989 - 1990: Research Scientist, GEC Research Centre, Wembley, London, UK
1985 - 1989: PhD Student, University of Surrey (Thesis Title - A Study of Pitting Initiation in Stainless Steels)
1982 - 1985: UG Student, University of Kent (BSc in Chemical Physics)
Research Interests
(a) Nanocomposite coatings for wear resistance
- systems of interest include nc-(Ti,Al)N/a-BN, nc-TiC/a-C, nc-CrN/a-Cu, nc-TiN/MoSx etc.
(b) Coatings and nanowires for functional applications
- systems of interest include ITO coatings, N-doped TiO2 coatings, diffusion barrier layers, Ce-doped Al2O3
(c) Surface modification of CdTe and CdZnTe X-ray detector materials
(d) Plasma surface engineering of polymers
(e) Nanostructured hydroxyapatite based coatings for biomedical applications
(e) Passivation layers and localised corrosion of steels, Ti and Al alloys
(f) High temperature degradation of C/C composites
(f) Application of electron spectroscopy, electron microscopy and diffraction techniques to materials science phenomena
Current Research Programmes
1. KTP project (Torr Scientific Ltd) - 'Development of a Novel X-ray Monochromator for XPS' (2011 - 2013)
2. EU research project (NATIOMEM) - 'N-doped TiO2 Coatings for Water Purification' (2010 - 2013)
3. EngD project (Plasmaquest Ltd) 'HiTUS Deposited Diffusion Barrier Thin Films' (2010 - 2014)
4. PhD project (Sponsor: Astrium) - 'High Temperature degradation of C/C composites' (2009 - 2012)
5. PhD project - 'Surface Analysis of CdZnTe detectors' (2009 - 2012)
6. EngD project (Plasmaquest Ltd) 'Deposition and Characterisation of Large Area Functional Thin Films' (2007 - 2011)
Research Collaborations
1. University of Sheffield, UK
2. University of Cyprus, Cyprus
3. Institute of Nuclear and Energy Research (IPEN), Sao Paulo, Brazil
4. EU Institute of Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
Publications
Highlights
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(2010) 'A study of the nanostructure and hardness of electron beam evaporated TiAlBN Coatings'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA THIN SOLID FILMS, 518 (15), pp. 4273-4280.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7516/
Abstract
TiAlBN coatings have been deposited by electron beam (EB) evaporation from a single TiAlBN material source onto AISI 316 stainless steel substrates at a temperature of 450 °C and substrate bias of − 100 V. The stoichiometry and nanostructure have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The hardness and elastic modulus were determined by nanoindentation. Five coatings have been deposited, three from hot-pressed TiAlBN material and two from hot isostatically pressed (HIPped) material. The coatings deposited from the hot-pressed material exhibited a nanocomposite nc-(Ti,Al)N/a-BN/a-(Ti,Al)B2 structure, the relative phase fraction being consistent with that predicted by the equilibrium Ti–B–N phase diagram. Nanoindentation hardness values were in the range of 22 to 32 GPa. Using the HIPped material, coating (Ti,Al)B0.29N0.46 was found to have a phase composition of 72–79 mol.% nc-(Ti,Al)(N,B)1 − x+ 21–28 mol.% amorphous titanium boride and a hardness of 32 GPa. The second coating, (Ti,Al)B0.66N0.25, was X-ray amorphous with a nitride+boride multiphase composition and a hardness of 26 GPa. The nanostructure and structure–property relationships of all coatings are discussed in detail. Comparisons are made between the single-EB coatings deposited in this work and previously deposited twin-EB coatings. Twin-EB deposition gives rise to lower adatom mobilities, leading to (111) (Ti,Al)N preferential orientation, smaller grain sizes, less dense coatings and lower hardnesses.
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(2010) 'Localized corrosion of a 2219 aluminium alloy exposed to a 3.5% NaCl solution'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD CORROSION SCIENCE, 52 (9), pp. 2855-2866.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/28863/
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(2009) 'Nanocomposite hydroxyapatite formation on a Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy exposed in a MEM cell culture medium and the effect of H2O2 addition'. ELSEVIER SCI LTD ACTA BIOMATERIALIA, 5 (1), pp. 63-75.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7859/
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(2008) 'Synthesis and characterization of Cr-B-N coatings deposited by reactive arc evaporation'. MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, 23 (11), pp. 3048-3055.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/119/
Journal articles
- . (2013) 'An XPS study of bromine in methanol etching and hydrogen peroxide passivation treatments for cadmium zinc telluride radiation detectors'. Applied Surface Science, 264, pp. 681-686.
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(2012) 'Visible light water splitting via oxidized TiN thin films'. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 116 (30), pp. 15855-15866.doi: 10.1021/jp302970u
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(2012) 'Surface characterisation of PET modified using a p-DC or HIPIMS reactive sputter pre-treatment'. Surface and Interface Analysis, 44 (8), pp. 1063-1067.doi: 10.1002/sia.4848
- . (2012) 'Impact of water quality on removal of carbamazepine in natural waters by N-doped TiO photo-catalytic thin film surfaces'. Journal of Hazardous Materials,
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(2011) 'A comparison of reactive plasma pre-treatments on PET substrates by Cu and Ti pulsed-DC and HIPIMS discharges'. Elsevier Thin Solid Films, 520 (5), pp. 1564-1570.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7519/
Abstract
PET web samples have been treated by magnetically enhanced glow discharges powered using either medium frequency pulse direct current (p-DC) or low frequency high power pulse (HIPIMS) sources. The plasma pre-treatment processes were carried out in an Ar–O2 atmosphere using either Cu or Ti sputter targets. XPS, AFM and sessile drop water contact angle measurements have been employed to examine changes in surface chemistry and morphology for different pre-treatment process parameters. Deposition of metal oxide onto the PET surface is observed as a result of the sputter magnetron-based glow discharge web treatment. Using the Cu target, both the p-DC and HIPIMS processes result in the formation of a thin CuO layer (with a thickness between 1 and 11 nm) being deposited onto the PET surface. Employing the Ti target, both p-DC and HIPIMS processes give rise to a much lower concentration of Ti (< 5 at.%), in the form of TiO2 on the PET treated surface. The TiO2 is probably distributed as an island-like distribution covering the PET surface. Presence of Cu and Ti oxide constituents on the treated PET is beneficial in aiding the adhesion but alone (i.e. without oxygen plasma activation) is not enough to provide very high levels of hydrophilicity as is clear from sessile drop water contact angle measurements on aged samples. Exposure to the plasma treatments leads to a small amount of roughening of the substrate surface, but the average surface roughness in all cases is below 2.5 nm. The PET structure at the interface with a coating is mostly or wholly preserved. The oxygen plasma treatment, metal oxide deposition and surface roughening resulting from the HIPIMS and p-DC treatments will promote adhesion to any subsequent thin film that is deposited immediately following the plasma treatment.
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(2011) 'Remote plasma sputtering of indium tin oxide thin films for large area flexible electronics'. Elsevier Thin Solid Films, 520 (4), pp. 1207-1211.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7587/
Abstract
Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films with a specific resistivity of 3.5 × 10− 4 Ω cm and average visible light transmission (VLT) of 90% have been reactively sputtered onto A4 Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), glass and silicon substrates using a remote plasma sputtering system. This system offers independent control of the plasma density and the target power enabling the effect of the plasma on ITO properties to be studied. Characterization of ITO on glass and silicon has shown that increasing the plasma density gives rise to a decrease in the specific resistivity and an increase in the optical band gap of the ITO films. Samples deposited at plasma powers of 1.5 kW, 2.0 kW and 2.5 kW and optimized oxygen flow rates exhibited specific resistivity values of 3.8 × 10− 4 Ω cm, 3.7 × 10− 4 Ω cm and 3.5 × 10− 4 Ω cm and optical gaps of 3.48 eV, 3.51 eV and 3.78 eV respectively. The increase in plasma density also influenced the crystalline texture and the VLT increased from 70 to 95%, indicating that more oxygen is being incorporated into the growing film. It has been shown that the remote plasma sputter technique can be used in an in-line process to produce uniform ITO coatings on PET with specific resistivities of between 3.5 × 10− 4 and 4.5 × 10− 4 Ω cm and optical transmission of greater than 85% over substrate widths of up to 30 cm.
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(2011) 'The adsorption of an epoxy acrylate resin on aluminium alloy conversion coatings'. Elsevier International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 31 (7), pp. 687-694.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7524/
Abstract
A thermodynamic study of the adsorption of an epoxy acrylate resin used for UV-cured coatings on two different anticorrosion pretreatments on aluminium alloys relevant to aerospace industry has been undertaken. Aluminium alloy Al2219 specimens, treated with an inorganic chromate based conversion coating (Alodine 1200S) and an organic titanium based conversion coating (Nabutan STI/310), were immersed in solutions of different concentrations of the resin and adsorption isotherms were determined by assessing the uptake of the adsorbate, as a function of solution concentration, by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The results show different behaviour for the two substrates, which can be attributed to the organic component of the titanium based coating. In the case of the inorganic conversion coating a clear plateau is achieved at relatively low concentrations and at a lower level of adsorption than for the hybrid coating. The data for both the coatings conform well to the Langmuir model, the organic coating, as well as showing a higher level of adsorption of the resin, also presents oscillatory behaviour at low concentration, which is shown to be complementary to the behaviour of the reactive diluent included with the epoxy acrylate to aid processing. A discussion of this competitive adsorption of the epoxy resin and the diluent on the different substrates is presented, based on considerations of the chemistry of the systems under investigation.
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(2011) 'Corrosion behaviour of a 2219 aluminium alloy treated with a chromate conversion coating exposed to a 3.5% NaCl solution'. Elsevier Corrosion Science, 53 (4), pp. 1214-1223.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7526/
Abstract
This study investigates the formation of a chromate conversion coating at Al–Cu–Fe–Mn intermetallic sites of an Al2219 alloy and the corrosion initiation at these sites in a 3.5% NaCl solution, using SEM, AES and EDX. Changes in the surface chemistry were monitored after progressive exposures to the solution up to 42 h. The coating was found to be thinner and more defective on the intermetallic. Initially, Al is dissolved and Al(OH)3 deposited on and around the intermetallic. After 42 h of exposure, Al(OH)3, Fe and Mn oxides and small particles of elemental Cu are deposited as corrosion products.
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(2010) 'Growth and characterization of ceria thin films and Ce-doped gamma-Al2O3 nanowires using sol-gel techniques'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD NANOTECHNOLOGY, 21 (46) Article number 465606 , pp. ---.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7517/
Abstract
γ-Al2O3 is a well known catalyst support. The addition of Ce to γ-Al2O3 is known to beneficially retard the phase transformation of γ-Al2O3 to α-Al2O3 and stabilize the γ-pore structure. In this work, Ce-doped γ-Al2O3 nanowires have been prepared by a novel method employing an anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) template in a 0.01 M cerium nitrate solution, assisted by urea hydrolysis. Calcination at 500 °C for 6 h resulted in the crystallization of the Ce-doped AlOOH gel to form Ce-doped γ-Al2O3 nanowires. Ce3 + ions within the nanowires were present at a concentration of < 1 at.%. On the template surface, a nanocrystalline CeO2 thin film was deposited with a cubic fluorite structure and a crystallite size of 6–7 nm. Characterization of the nanowires and thin films was performed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. The nanowire formation mechanism and urea hydrolysis kinetics are discussed in terms of the pH evolution during the reaction. The Ce-doped γ-Al2O3 nanowires are likely to find useful applications in catalysis and this novel method can be exploited further for doping alumina nanowires with other rare earth elements.
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(2010) 'Structure and mechanical properties of low temperature magnetron sputtered nanocrystalline (nc-)Ti(N,C)/amorphous diamond like carbon (a-C:H) coatings'. Elsevier Thin Solid Films, 519 (1), pp. 24-30.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7873/
Abstract
This paper reports on the structure and mechanical properties of ~ 2 μm thick nanocomposite (nc-) Ti(N,C)/amorphous diamond like carbon (a-C:H) coatings deposited on 100Cr6 steel substrates, using low temperature (~ 200 °C) DC reactive magnetron sputtering. The carbon content was varied with acetylene partial pressure in order to obtain single layer coatings with different a-C:H carbon phase fractions. The nanocrystalline Ti(N,C) phase is approximately stoichiometric for all coatings and the a-C:H phase fraction increases from 31 to 47 at.% as the coatings stoichiometry changed from TiC1.34 N0.51 to TiC2.48 N0.48, respectively. TiC1.34 N0.51 coatings showed the highest nanoindentation hardness (H) of ~ 14 GPa and a modulus (Er) of ~ 144 GPa; H reduced to < 6 GPa and Er to < 70 GPa for TiC2.48 N0.48 coatings. nc-Ti(N,C)/a-C:H coatings are promising candidates for applications where better matching of the modulus between a relatively low modulus substrate, hard loading support layer and low modulus-high H/E ratio top layer is required.
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(2010) 'Mechanical and high pressure tribological properties of nanocrystalline Ti(N,C) and amorphous C:H nanocomposite coatings'. Elsevier Diamond and Related Materials, 19 (7-9), pp. 960-963.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7875/
Abstract
This paper reports on the mechanical and high pressure tribological properties of nanocrystalline (nc-) Ti(N,C)/amorphous (a-) C:H deposited, using low temperature (∼ 200 °C) DC reactive magnetron sputtering. The mechanical properties are affected by the nc-Ti(N,C)/a-C:H phase fraction ratio. For increasing C contents (from 31 to 47 at.%) an increase of the a-C:H phase content and a degradation of the nanocrystalline phase occurs leading to a reduction in nanoindentation hardness (H) values (from 15 to 9 GPa) and reduced modulus (Er) values (from 150 to 80 GPa). A strong correlation between H/E ratio and wear performance was exhibited by the coatings. The synthesized coatings survived up to 100 m sliding distance when tested using pin-on-disc sliding configuration at > 4.5 GPa contact pressures and the measured friction coefficient values were similar for all films (μ ∼ 0.21–0.25).
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(2010) 'A study of the nanostructure and hardness of electron beam evaporated TiAlBN Coatings'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA THIN SOLID FILMS, 518 (15), pp. 4273-4280.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7516/
Abstract
TiAlBN coatings have been deposited by electron beam (EB) evaporation from a single TiAlBN material source onto AISI 316 stainless steel substrates at a temperature of 450 °C and substrate bias of − 100 V. The stoichiometry and nanostructure have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The hardness and elastic modulus were determined by nanoindentation. Five coatings have been deposited, three from hot-pressed TiAlBN material and two from hot isostatically pressed (HIPped) material. The coatings deposited from the hot-pressed material exhibited a nanocomposite nc-(Ti,Al)N/a-BN/a-(Ti,Al)B2 structure, the relative phase fraction being consistent with that predicted by the equilibrium Ti–B–N phase diagram. Nanoindentation hardness values were in the range of 22 to 32 GPa. Using the HIPped material, coating (Ti,Al)B0.29N0.46 was found to have a phase composition of 72–79 mol.% nc-(Ti,Al)(N,B)1 − x+ 21–28 mol.% amorphous titanium boride and a hardness of 32 GPa. The second coating, (Ti,Al)B0.66N0.25, was X-ray amorphous with a nitride+boride multiphase composition and a hardness of 26 GPa. The nanostructure and structure–property relationships of all coatings are discussed in detail. Comparisons are made between the single-EB coatings deposited in this work and previously deposited twin-EB coatings. Twin-EB deposition gives rise to lower adatom mobilities, leading to (111) (Ti,Al)N preferential orientation, smaller grain sizes, less dense coatings and lower hardnesses.
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(2010) 'Localized corrosion of a 2219 aluminium alloy exposed to a 3.5% NaCl solution'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD CORROSION SCIENCE, 52 (9), pp. 2855-2866.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/28863/
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(2010) 'Localised corrosion on 2219 aluminium alloy coated with a titanium based conversion coating'. WILEY-BLACKWELL SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS, Antalya, TURKEY: 42 (6-7), pp. 610-615.doi: 10.1002/sia.3318Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/28864/
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(2010) 'Chemical etching and surface oxidation studies of cadmium zinc telluride radiation detectors'. WILEY-BLACKWELL SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS, Antalya, TURKEY: 42 (6-7), pp. 795-798.doi: 10.1002/sia.3146
- . (2009) 'The nanostructure, wear and corrosion performance of arc-evaporated CrBxNy nanocomposite coatings'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, 204 (3), pp. 246-255.
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(2009) 'Nanocomposite hydroxyapatite formation on a Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy exposed in a MEM cell culture medium and the effect of H2O2 addition'. ELSEVIER SCI LTD ACTA BIOMATERIALIA, 5 (1), pp. 63-75.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7859/
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(2008) 'Nanostructure, mechanical and tribological properties of reactive magnetron sputtered TiC(x) coatings'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, 17 (12), pp. 2054-2061.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/738444/
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(2008) 'Synthesis and characterization of Cr-B-N coatings deposited by reactive arc evaporation'. MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, 23 (11), pp. 3048-3055.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/119/
- . (2008) 'Structure and mechanical properties of nitrogen-containing Zr-Cu based thin films deposited by pulsed magnetron sputtering'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS, 41 (15) Article number ARTN 155301
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(2008) 'Failure characteristics of adhesively bonded aluminium for spacecraft applications'. JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS, 40 (3-4), pp. 132-136.doi: 10.1002/sia.2793Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/712202/
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(2008) 'Investigation of the electrochemical behaviour and surface chemistry of a Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy exposed in MEM cell culture media with and without the addition of H2O2'. JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS, 40 (3-4), pp. 220-224.doi: 10.1002/sia.2616
- . (2006) 'Mechanical and tribological properties of CrTiCu(B,N) glassy-metal coatings deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, 200 (14-15), pp. 4601-4611.
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(2005) 'Investigation of the nanostructure and wear properties of physical vapor deposited CrCuN nanocomposite coatings'. A V S AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A, 23 (3), pp. 423-433.doi: 10.1116/1.1875212Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7920/
- . (2005) 'Characterisation and tribological evaluation of nitrogen-containing molybdenum-copper PVD metallic nanocomposite films'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, 190 (2-3), pp. 345-356.
- . (2004) 'Improving the corrosion resistance of NdFeB magnets: an electrochemical and surface analytical study'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, 185 (2-3), pp. 321-328.
- . (2003) 'The nanostructure and mechanical properties of PVD CrCu (N) coatings'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, 162 (2-3) Article number PII S0257-8972(02)00571-6 , pp. 222-227.
- . (2002) 'An AES study of the room temperature conditioning of technological metal surfaces by electron irradiation'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, 202 (1-2) Article number PII S0169-4332(02)00868-1 , pp. 57-67.
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(2002) 'Investigation of sulphur diffusion at the CdS/CdTe interface of thin-film solar cells'. JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS, 33 (10-11), pp. 825-829.doi: 10.1002/sia.1459
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(2001) 'Surface and biological evaluation of hydroxyapatite-based coatings on titanium deposited by different techniques'. JOHN WILEY & SONS INC JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH, 58 (6), pp. 651-657.doi: 10.1002/jbm.1065
- . (2001) 'Corrosion protection of sintered NdFeB magnets by phosphating'. Computational and Experimental Methods, 6, pp. 65-74.
- . (1999) 'The feasibility of an XPS expert system demonstrated by a rule set for carbon contamination'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA, 105 (2-3), pp. 245-256.
- . (1999) 'XPS investigation of preferential sputtering of S from MoS2 and determination of MoSx stoichiometry from Mo and S peak positions'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, 150 (1-4), pp. 255-262.
- . (1998) 'Preparation and characterisation of low-friction TiB2-based coatings by incorporation of C or MoS2'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, 105 (1-2), pp. 45-50.
- . (1997) 'A study of the chemical bonding and microstructure of ion beam-deposited CNx films including an XPS C 1s peak simulation'. WILEY-BLACKWELL SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS, 25 (9), pp. 629-642.
- . (1997) 'An EXAFS and XRD study of the structure of nanocrystalline Ti-B-N thin films'. IOP PUBLISHING LTD JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS, 30 (13), pp. 1827-1832.
- . (1997) 'Study of the chemical composition and microstructure of ion beam-deposited CNx films including an XPS C 1s peak simulation'. JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS, 25 (5), pp. 301-314.
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(1997) 'Combined x-ray photoelectron Auger electron spectroscopy glancing angle x-ray diffraction extended x-ray absorption fine structure investigation of TiBxNy coatings'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS, 15 (2), pp. 284-291.doi: 10.1116/1.580526
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(1997) 'Synthesis of carbon nitride films at low temperature'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS, 15 (1), pp. 107-112.doi: 10.1116/1.580481
- . (1997) 'Phase composition and tribological behavior of titanium boron nitride coatings'. MYU K K DIAMOND FILMS AND TECHNOLOGY, 7 (3), pp. 165-180.
- . (1995) 'DETERMINATION OF THE COMPOSITION OF TINX, AND TIBXNY FILMS BY AES'. VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION A-A JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES, 50 (7), pp. 624-630.
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(1995) 'AUGER-ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY STUDY OF TI-B-N THIN-FILMS'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS, 13 (3), pp. 1633-1638.doi: 10.1116/1.579743
- . (1993) 'THE APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL-STATE AES AND SAM TO THE EXAMINATION OF SPRAY-FORMED ALUMINUM-ALLOY FRACTURE SURFACES'. JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS, 20 (7), pp. 589-594.
- . (1993) 'THE APPLICATION OF SURFACE IMAGING TECHNIQUES TO THE STUDY OF PITTING CORROSION INITIATION IN STAINLESS-STEELS'. JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS, 20 (6), pp. 535-&.
- . (1993) 'THE INITIATION OF PITTING CORROSION AT MNS INCLUSIONS'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD CORROSION SCIENCE, 34 (4), pp. 667-682.
- . (1992) 'THE INITIATION OF PITTING CORROSION OF STAINLESS-STEELS AT OXIDE INCLUSIONS'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD CORROSION SCIENCE, 33 (8), pp. 1295-1312.
Conference papers
- . (2007) 'Hard and superhard TiAlBN coatings deposited by twin electron-beam evaporation'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, ISRAEL: International Conference on Superhard Coatings 201 (13), pp. 6078-6083.
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(2007) 'Advanced characterisation of nanocomposite coatings'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, ISRAEL: International Conference on Superhard Coatings 201 (13), pp. 6105-6111.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7917/
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(2006) 'Nanostructural studies of PVD TiAlB coatings'. JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS, Vienna, AUSTRIA: 11th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Anlaysis 38 (4), pp. 731-735.doi: 10.1002/sia.2160
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(2006) 'The influence of an OTS self-assembled monolayer on the wear-resistant properties of polysilicon based MEMS'. JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS, Vienna, AUSTRIA: 11th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Anlaysis 38 (4), pp. 863-867.doi: 10.1002/sia.2210Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7918/
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(2006) 'Simple surface treatments to modify protein adsorption and cell attachment properties within a poly(dimethylsiloxane) micro-bioreactor'. JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS, Vienna, AUSTRIA: 11th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Anlaysis 38 (4), pp. 198-201.doi: 10.1002/sia.2274
- . (2005) 'Investigation of the nanostructure and post-coat thermal treatment of wear-resistant PVD CrTiCuBN coatings'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, Garmisch Partenkirchen, GERMANY: 9th International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering 200 (1-4), pp. 310-314.
- . (2005) 'Analytical interfacial studies of double carbonate thermionic oxide cathodes over accelerated operational life'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA: 5th Internatioal Vacuum Electron Sources Conference 251 (1-4), pp. 42-49.
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(2004) 'Investigation of the nickel/emissive oxide interface in thermionic emitters'. JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS, Berlin, GERMANY: 10th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis (ECASIA 03) 36 (8), pp. 1190-1194.doi: 10.1002/sia.1873
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(2004) 'A study of the surface chemistry, morphology and wear of silicon based MEMS'. JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS, Berlin, GERMANY: 10th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis (ECASIA 03) 36 (8), pp. 1254-1258.doi: 10.1002/sia.1888
- . (2004) 'Surface characterisation of silicon based MEMS'. HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN CHINESE UNIVERSITIES, Univ Coll London, Logrono, ENGLAND: 10th Joint Conference of Chinese-Society-of-Chemical-Science-and-Technology/United-Kingdom-Society-of-Chemical-Society 20 (4), pp. 407-410.
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(2004) 'Interfacial studies of double carbonate thermionic oxide cathodes over accelerated operational life'. IEEE IVESC2004: THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA: 5th International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference, pp. 108-109.Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1664/
- . (2003) 'Preliminary results on the chemical characterisation of the cathode nickel - emissive layer interface in oxide cathodes'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, SARATOV, RUSSIA: 4th International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference 215 (1-4), pp. 78-86.
- . (2003) 'Characterization of sintered NdFeB magnets after phosphating in alkaline and acidic environments'. TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY III, SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL: 3rd International Latin-American Conference on Powder Technology 416-4, pp. 54-59.
- . (2002) 'Electron spectroscopic studies of nanocomposite PVD TiAlBN coatings'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD VACUUM, MADRID, SPAIN: 7th European Vacuum Conference (EVC-7)/3rd European Topical Conference on Hard Coatings (ETCHC-3) 67 (3-4), pp. 471-476.
- . (2002) 'Evaluating the microstructure and performance of nanocomposite PVD TiAlBN coatings'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, STRASBOURG, FRANCE: Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society 151, pp. 338-343.
- . (2001) 'Correlation of chemical and structural parameters with non-uniform cell performance in CdS/CdTe solar cells'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA THIN SOLID FILMS, STRASBOURG, FRANCE: Symposium on Thin Film Chalcogenide Photovoltale Materials held at MRS 2000 Spring Conference 387 (1-2), pp. 92-96.
- . (2000) 'A comparison of in situ polishing and ion beam sputtering as surface preparation methods for XPS analysis of PVD coatings'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA THIN SOLID FILMS, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA: 27th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films 377, pp. 473-477.
- .
(2000) 'Characterization of zirconia coatings deposited by inductively coupled plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition'. AMER INST PHYSICS JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON: 46th National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society 18 (4), pp. 1096-1101.doi: 10.1116/1.582306
- . (2000) 'Morphologies and corrosion properties of PVD Zn-Al coatings'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, STRASBOURG, FRANCE: 1999 E-MRS Conference, Symposium B: Protective Coatings and Thin Films 125 (1-3), pp. 207-211.
- . (2000) 'Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure study of carbon nitride films'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, STRASBOURG, FRANCE: 1999 E-MRS Conference, Symposium B: Protective Coatings and Thin Films 125 (1-3), pp. 317-321.
- . (2000) 'Electrodeposition of ZnTe for photovoltaic cells'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA THIN SOLID FILMS, STRASBOURG, FRANCE: Symposium on Chalcogenide Semiconductors for Photovoltaics at the 1999 E-MRS Spring Conference 361, pp. 388-395.
- . (1999) 'The deposition of low-friction TiN-MoSx hard coatings by a combined are evaporation and magnetron sputter process'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA: 26th International Conference on Metallurgical Coating and Thin Films 120, pp. 453-457.
- . (1999) 'Comparative investigation of multilayer TiB2/C and co-sputtered TiB2-C coatings for low-friction applications'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, GARMISCH PARTENKI, GERMANY: 6th International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering (PSE 98) 116, pp. 1127-1132.
- . (1999) 'Microstructure and mechanical properties of multilayer TiB2/C and co-sputtered TiB2-C coatings for cutting tools'. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD VACUUM, BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND: 14th International Vacuum Congress/10th International Conference on Solid Surfaces/5th International Conference on Nanometre-Scale Science and Technology/10th International Conference on Quantitative Surface Analysis 53 (1-2), pp. 113-116.
- . (1999) 'Properties of amorphous a-CH(: N) films synthesized by direct ion beam deposition and plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS, IRAKLION, GREECE: 9th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-like Materials, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 1998) 8 (2-5), pp. 595-600.
- . (1998) 'Low-friction TiN-MoS2 coatings produced by dc magnetron co-deposition'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA: 25th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films 108 (1-3), pp. 345-351.
- . (1997) 'Low-temperature sputter deposition and characterisation of carbon nitride films'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, GARMISCH PARTENKI, GERMANY: 5th International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering 97 (1-3), pp. 544-551.
- . (1997) 'Porosity and oxide distribution in spray-formed Al-5Cr-1.5Zr alloy'. PLENUM PUBL CORP JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING, ORLANDO, FLORIDA: Symposium on Spray Forming - Experiment, Analysis, and Applications 5 (1), pp. 105-110.
- . (1997) 'The microstructure and properties of Ti-B-C coatings for tribological applications'. JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD ECASIA 97: 7TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS, GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN: 7th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis (ECASIA 97), pp. 1127-1130.
- . (1996) 'Ion beam deposited carbon nitride films: Characterization and identification of chemical sputtering'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA THIN SOLID FILMS, SAN DIEGO, CA: 23rd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films 290, pp. 107-111.
- . (1996) 'The influence of yttrium ion implantation on the oxidation behaviour of powder metallurgically produced chromium'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, SAN SEBASTIAN, SPAIN: 9th International Conference on Surface Modification of Metals by Ion Beams (SMMIB 95) 83 (1-3), pp. 205-211.
- . (1995) 'NANOSTRUCTURED TITANIUM BORON-NITRIDE COATINGS OF VERY HIGH HARDNESS'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, GARMISCH PARTENKIR, GERMANY: 4th International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering 74-5 (1-3), pp. 491-496.
- . (1994) 'TITANIUM BORON-NITRIDE COATINGS OF VERY HIGH HARDNESS'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, 68, pp. 194-198.
- . (1994) 'AN INTERFACIAL STUDY OF A SIGMA FIBER TI-6AL-4V COMPOSITE USING SCANNING AUGER EDX MICROSCOPY'. JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS, CATANIA, ITALY: European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis (ECASIA 93) 22 (1-12), pp. 308-313.
- . (1994) 'AUGER-ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY STUDIES ON TINX'. JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS, CATANIA, ITALY: European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis (ECASIA 93) 22 (1-12), pp. 167-170.
- .
(1993) 'INTERFACE STUDIES IN A TI-6AL-4V-SIGMA FIBER-COMPOSITE'. EDITIONS PHYSIQUE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV, PARIS, FRANCE: 3rd European Conference on Advanced Materials and Processes 3 (C7), pp. 1717-1722.doi: 10.1051/jp4:19937269
Book chapters
- . (1995) 'Encyclopedia of Analytical Science: Sam-Sur'. in Townshend A (ed.) Encyclopedia of Analytical Science: Sam-Sur
- . (1994) 'Materials Science and Technology, Characterization of Materials'. in Lifshin E, Cahn RW, Haasen P, Kramer EJ (eds.) Materials Science and Technology, Characterization of Materials Wiley-VCH
Teaching
- Mech/Aero/Med Engineering programmes Level 3 - Advanced Materials for Engineering Applications
- Mech/Aero/Med Engineering programmes Level 2 - Engineering Management
- Mech/Aero/Med Engineering programmes Level 1 - Experimental Laboratories
- Mech/Aero/Med Engineering programmes Level 1 - Design-Make-Evaluate project
- Mech/Aero/Med Engineering programmes Level 1 - Professional, Personal and Transferable Skills
- Advanced Materials MSc module - Ceramics and Hard Coatings
- Advanced Materials MSc module - Corrosion Engineering
- Advanced Materials MSc module - Characterisation of Materials
- Advanced Materials MSc module - Surface Analysis
- Advanced Materials MSc module - Nanomaterials
- Advanced Materials MSc module - Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering
Departmental Duties
- Director of MicroStructural Studies Unit (MSSU)
- Senior Tutor for Professional Training
Affiliations
Member of Materials, Surfaces & Structural Systems
Member of the Surrey Materials Institute (SMI)
Professional Activities
Chartered Scientist (CSci)
Professional Member of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (MIM3)
Member of the British Standards Committee for Surface Chemical Analysis CII/60
Editorial board member of 'The Open Materials Science Journal'
Chairman of 'Advances in Characterisation of Coatings' session of the 'International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films’, 2009–2011

