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Dr Ruan Elliott

Senior Lecturer in Nutrition

Qualifications: BA (Hons) PhD

Email:
Phone: Work: 01483 68 3843
Room no: 21 AY 03

Further information

Biography

Current position: Senior lecturer, Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey

1994-2009            Senior Scientist, Institute of Food Research Norwich
1992-1994            Post-doctoral Research Fellow, University of British Columbia, Canada
1992                      PhD in Nutritional Metabolism (University of Surrey)
1988                      BA (Hons) Natural Sciences (University of Cambridge)

Research Interests

  • Nutritional modulation of DNA damage:repair
  • Application of functional genomic techniques in nutrition: optimising nutrigenomic study designs, developing concepts for risk-benefit analysis and defining optimal nutrition
  • Defining optimal micronutrient intakes and modelling homeostatic mechanisms (with in particular interest in iron, copper, selenium and zinc)

Research Collaborations

Inter-faculty collaborations:
“Proof of Principle for Resolving Controversies in Mineral Transport” project funded under the Systems and Life Ideas Exchange of the Models programme of the Mathematics in Life and Social Sciences (MILES) project with Drs Matthew Turner and Gianne Derks (Mathematics), Dr Bernadette Moore (Nutritional Sciences) and Dr Theresa Hague (Post Graduate Medical School)

"Mathematical modelling of the repair dynamics of alkylatation damage to DNA in mammalian cells" project funded under the Discipline Hops programme of the Models and Mathematics in Life and Social Sciences (MILES) programme with Dr Philip Aston (Mathematics) and Dr Lisiane Meira (Biochemical Sciences)

National collaborations:
“Impact of non-digestible carbohydrates on biomarkers of GI health: a human intervention study” BBSRC Diet and Health Research Industry Club (DRINC) project (BB/H005021/1) with Professor John Mathers (University of Newcastle) and Professor Ian Johnson (Institute of Food Research, Norwich)

International collaborations:
Network board member and Work Package Leader for the European Nutrigenomics Organisation (NuGO, www.nugo.org), a Network of Excellence funded under the European Commission’s Framework Programme 6.

Publications

Highlights

  • Rubio-Aliaga I, de Roos B, Duthie SJ, Crosley LK, Mayer C, Horgan G, Colquhoun IJ, Le Gall G, Huber F, Kremer W, Rychlik M, Wopereis S, van Ommen B, Schmidt G, Heim C, Bouwman FG, Mariman EC, Mulholland F, Johnson IT, Polley AC, Elliott RM, Daniel H. (2011) 'Metabolomics of prolonged fasting in humans reveals new catabolic markers'. SPRINGER METABOLOMICS, 7 (3), pp. 375-387.
    doi: 10.1007/s11306-010-0255-2
  • Bouwman FG, de Roos B, Rubio-Aliaga I, Crosley LK, Duthie SJ, Mayer C, Horgan G, Polley AC, Heim C, Coort SL. (2011) '2D-electrophoresis and multiplex immunoassay proteomic analysis of different body fluids and cellular components reveal known and novel markers for extended fasting.'. BMC Med Genomics, England: 4
    doi: 10.1186/1755-8794-4-24
    Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/205718/

    Abstract

    Proteomic technologies applied for profiling human biofluids and blood cells are considered to reveal new biomarkers of exposure or provide insights into novel mechanisms of adaptation.

  • Heaton SJ, Eady JJ, Parker ML, Gotts KL, Dainty JR, Fairweather-Tait SJ, McArdle HJ, Srai KS, Elliott RM. (2008) 'The use of BeWo cells as an in vitro model for placental iron transport.'. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, United States: 295 (5), pp. C1445-C1453.
    doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00286.2008
  • de Roos B, Duthie SJ, Polley AC, Mulholland F, Bouwman FG, Heim C, Rucklidge GJ, Johnson IT, Mariman EC, Daniel H, Elliott RM. (2008) 'Proteomic methodological recommendations for studies involving human plasma, platelets, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.'. J Proteome Res, United States: 7 (6), pp. 2280-2290.
    doi: 10.1021/pr700714x
  • Eady JJ, Wortley GM, Wormstone YM, Hughes JC, Astley SB, Foxall RJ, Doleman JF, Elliott RM. (2005) 'Variation in gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers'. Physiological Genomics, 22 (3), pp. 402-411.
    doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00080.2005

Journal articles

  • Rubio-Aliaga I, de Roos B, Duthie SJ, Crosley LK, Mayer C, Horgan G, Colquhoun IJ, Le Gall G, Huber F, Kremer W, Rychlik M, Wopereis S, van Ommen B, Schmidt G, Heim C, Bouwman FG, Mariman EC, Mulholland F, Johnson IT, Polley AC, Elliott RM, Daniel H. (2011) 'Metabolomics of prolonged fasting in humans reveals new catabolic markers'. SPRINGER METABOLOMICS, 7 (3), pp. 375-387.
    doi: 10.1007/s11306-010-0255-2
  • Bouwman FG, de Roos B, Rubio-Aliaga I, Crosley LK, Duthie SJ, Mayer C, Horgan G, Polley AC, Heim C, Coort SL. (2011) '2D-electrophoresis and multiplex immunoassay proteomic analysis of different body fluids and cellular components reveal known and novel markers for extended fasting.'. BMC Med Genomics, England: 4
    doi: 10.1186/1755-8794-4-24
    Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/205718/

    Abstract

    Proteomic technologies applied for profiling human biofluids and blood cells are considered to reveal new biomarkers of exposure or provide insights into novel mechanisms of adaptation.

  • van Ommen B, El-Sohemy A, Hesketh J, Kaput J, Fenech M, Evelo C, McArdle H, Bouwman J, Lietz G, Mathers J, Fairweather-Tait S, van Kranen H, Elliott R, Wopereis S, Ferguson LR, Meplan C, Perozzi G, Allen L, Revero D, The Micronutrient Genomics Project Working Group . (2010) 'The micronutrient genomics project: creating a community driven knowledge base for micronutrient research'. Genes Nutr, 5 (4), pp. 285-296.
    doi: 10.1007/s12263-010-0192-8
    Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/205719/
  • van Ommen B, Bouwman J, Dragsted LO, Drevon CA, Elliott R, de Groot P, Kaput J, Mathers JC, Müller M, Pepping F, Saito J, Scalbert A, Radonjic M, Rocca-Serra P, Travis A, Wopereis S, Evelo CT. (2010) 'Challenges of molecular nutrition research 6: the nutritional phenotype database to store, share and evaluate nutritional systems biology studies.'. Genes Nutr, Germany: 5 (3), pp. 189-203.
    doi: 10.1007/s12263-010-0167-9
  • Thompson BAV, Sharp PA, Elliott RM, Fairweather-Tait SJ. (2010) 'The inhibitory effect of calcium on iron absorption may be related to translocation of DMT-1 at the apical membrane of enterocytes'. J Agric Food Chem, 58 (14), pp. 8414-8417.
    doi: 10.1021/jf101388z
  • Thompson B, Sharp P, Elliott RM, Al-Mutairi S, Fairweather-Tait SJ. (2010) 'Development of a modified Caco-2 cell model system for studying iron availability in eggs'. J Agric Food Chem, 58 (6), pp. 3833-3839.
    doi: 10.1021/jf904175d
  • Doleman JF, Eady JJ, Elliott RM, Foxall RJ, Seers J, Johnson IT, Lund EK. (2010) 'Identification of the Eph receptor pathway as a novel target for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) modification of gene expression in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29).'. Nutr Metab (Lond), England: 7
    doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-7-56
    Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/205721/
  • Crosley LK, Duthie SJ, Polley AC, Bouwman FG, Heim C, Mulholland F, Horgan G, Johnson IT, Mariman EC, Elliott RM, Daniel H, de Roos B. (2009) 'Variation in protein levels obtained from human blood cells and biofluids for platelet, peripheral blood mononuclear cell, plasma, urine and saliva proteomics.'. Genes Nutr, Germany: 4 (2), pp. 95-102.
    doi: 10.1007/s12263-009-0121-x
  • Baccini M, Bachmaier EM, Biggeri A, Boekschoten MV, Bouwman FG, Brennan L, Caesar R, Cinti S, Coort SL, Crosley K, Daniel H, Drevon CA, Duthie S, Eijssen L, Elliott RM, van Erk M, Evelo C, Gibney M, Heim C, Horgan GW, Johnson IT, Kelder T, Kleemann R, Kooistra T, van Iersel MP, Mariman EC, Mayer C, McLoughlin G, Müller M, Mulholland F, van Ommen B, Polley AC, Pujos-Guillot E, Rubio-Aliaga I, Roche HM, de Roos B, Sailer M, Tonini G, Williams LM, de Wit N, For the NuGO PPS Team . (2008) 'The NuGO proof of principle study package: a collaborative research effort of the European Nutrigenomics Organisation.'. Genes Nutr, 3 (3-4), pp. 147-151.
    doi: 10.1007/s12263-008-0102-5
    Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/205722/
  • Heaton SJ, Eady JJ, Parker ML, Gotts KL, Dainty JR, Fairweather-Tait SJ, McArdle HJ, Srai KS, Elliott RM. (2008) 'The use of BeWo cells as an in vitro model for placental iron transport.'. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, United States: 295 (5), pp. C1445-C1453.
    doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00286.2008
  • Hurst R, Elliott RM, Goldson AJ, Fairweather-Tait SJ. (2008) 'Se-methylselenocysteine alters collagen gene and protein expression in human prostate cells.'. Cancer Lett, Ireland: 269 (1), pp. 117-126.
    doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.04.025
  • van Ommen B, Keijer J, Kleemann R, Elliott R, Drevon CA, McArdle H, Gibney M, Müller M. (2008) 'The challenges for molecular nutrition research 2: quantification of the nutritional phenotype.'. Genes Nutr, Germany: 3 (2), pp. 51-59.
    doi: 10.1007/s12263-008-0084-3
    Full text is available at: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/205723/

    Abstract

    In quantifying the beneficial effect of dietary interventions in healthy subjects, nutrition research meets a number of new challenges. Inter individual variation in biomarker values often is larger than the effect related to the intervention. Healthy subjects have a remarkable capacity to maintain homeostasis, both through direct metabolic regulation, metabolic compensation of altered diets, and effective defence and repair mechanisms in oxidative and inflammatory stress. Processes involved in these regulatory activities essentially different from processes involved in early onset of diet related diseases. So, new concepts and approaches are needed to better quantify the subtle effects possibly achieved by dietary interventions in healthy subjects. Apart from quantification of the genotype and food intake (these are discussed in separate reviews in this series), four major areas of innovation are discussed: the biomarker profile concept, perturbation of homeostasis combined with omics analysis, imaging, modelling and fluxes. All of these areas contribute to a better understanding and quantification of the nutritional phenotype.

  • Elliott RM. (2008) 'Transcriptomics and micronutrient research.'. Br J Nutr, England: 99 Suppl 3, pp. S59-S65.
    doi: 10.1017/S0007114508006880
  • de Roos B, Duthie SJ, Polley AC, Mulholland F, Bouwman FG, Heim C, Rucklidge GJ, Johnson IT, Mariman EC, Daniel H, Elliott RM. (2008) 'Proteomic methodological recommendations for studies involving human plasma, platelets, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.'. J Proteome Res, United States: 7 (6), pp. 2280-2290.
    doi: 10.1021/pr700714x
  • Elliott R, Pico C, Dommels Y, Wybranska I, Hesketh J, Keijer J. (2007) 'Nutrigenomic approaches for benefit-risk analysis of foods and food components: defining markers of health.'. Br J Nutr, England: 98 (6), pp. 1095-1100.
    doi: 10.1017/S0007114507803400
  • Astley SB, Elliott RM. (2007) 'The European Nutrigenomics Organisation: linking genomics, nutrition and health research'. JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, 87 (7), pp. 1180-1184.
    doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2791
  • Elliott RM, Johnson IT. (2007) 'Nutrigenomic approaches for obesity research.'. Obes Rev, England: 8 Suppl 1, pp. 77-81.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2007.00323.x
  • Heaton SJ, Eady JJ, Fairweather-Tait SJ, MCardle HJ, Srai KS, Elliott RM. (2007) 'BeWo cells as an in vitro model for iron transport across the placenta'. CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY, 66, pp. 17A-17A.
  • Dawes LJ, Elliott RM, Reddan JR, Wormstone YM, Wormstone IM. (2007) 'Oligonucleotide microarray analysis of human lens epithelial cells: TGFbeta regulated gene expression.'. Mol Vis, United States: 13, pp. 1181-1197.
  • Rocca-Serra P, Elliott RM. (2006) 'Data storage: bringing us a step closer to data sharing?'. Br J Nutr, England: 95 (6), pp. 1237-1239.
  • Hesketh J, Wybranska I, Dommels Y, King M, Elliott R, Pico C, Keijer J. (2006) 'Nutrient-gene interactions in benefit-risk analysis.'. Br J Nutr, England: 95 (6), pp. 1232-1236.
  • Wortley GM, Elliott RM, Harvey LJ, Fairweath-Tait SJ. (2006) 'Copper homeostasis: use of in vitro cell systems and transcriptional analysis to detect markers of copper regulation in human subjects.'. CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY, 65, pp. 103A-103A.
  • Kaput J, Ordovas JM, Ferguson L, van Ommen B, Rodriguez RL, Allen L, Ames BN, Dawson K, German B, Krauss R, Malyj W, Archer MC, Barnes S, Bartholomew A, Birk R, van Bladeren P, Bradford KJ, Brown KH, Caetano R, Castle D, Chadwick R, Clarke S, Clément K, Cooney CA, Corella D, Manica da Cruz IB, Daniel H, Duster T, Ebbesson SO, Elliott R, Fairweather-Tait S, Felton J, Fenech M, Finley JW, Fogg-Johnson N, Gill-Garrison R, Gibney MJ, Gillies PJ, Gustafsson JA, Hartman Iv JL, He L, Hwang JK, Jais JP, Jang Y, Joost H, Junien C, Kanter M, Kibbe WA, Koletzko B, Korf BR, Kornman K, Krempin DW, Langin D, Lauren DR, Ho Lee J, Leveille GA, Lin SJ, Mathers J, Mayne M, McNabb W, Milner JA, Morgan P, Muller M, Nikolsky Y, van der Ouderaa F, Park T, Pensel N, Perez-Jimenez F, Poutanen K, Roberts M, Saris WH, Schuster G, Shelling AN, Simopoulos AP, Southon S, Tai ES, Towne B, Trayhurn P, Uauy R, Visek WJ, Warden C, Weiss R, Wiencke J, Winkler J, Wolff GL, Zhao-Wilson X, Zucker JD. (2005) 'The case for strategic international alliances to harness nutritional genomics for public and personal health.'. Br J Nutr, England: 94 (5), pp. 623-632.
  • Eady JJ, Wortley GM, Wormstone YM, Hughes JC, Astley SB, Foxall RJ, Doleman JF, Elliott RM. (2005) 'Variation in gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers'. Physiological Genomics, 22 (3), pp. 402-411.
    doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00080.2005
  • Astley SB, Elliott RM. (2005) 'How strong is the evidence that lycopene supplementation can modify biomarkers of oxidative damage and DNA repair in human lymphocytes?'. J Nutr, United States: 135 (8), pp. 2071S-2073S.
  • Elliott R. (2005) 'Mechanisms of genomic and non-genomic actions of carotenoids.'. Biochim Biophys Acta, Netherlands: 1740 (2), pp. 147-154.
    doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.12.009
  • Garosi P, De Filippo C, van Erk M, Rocca-Serra P, Sansone SA, Elliott R. (2005) 'Defining best practice for microarray analyses in nutrigenomic studies.'. Br J Nutr, England: 93 (4), pp. 425-432.
  • Elliott RM. (2005) 'Genes, genomes and molecular biology in nutrition research: A story of opportunities and challenges'. Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research, 3 (3), pp. 189-192.
  • Astley SB, Elliott RM. (2005) 'The European Nutrigenomics Organisation: linking genomics, nutrition and health research (NuGO)'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 16 (4), pp. 155-161.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tifts.2004.09.001
  • Astley SB, Elliott RM, Archer DB, Southon S. (2004) 'Evidence that dietary supplementation with carotenoids and carotenoid-rich foods modulates the DNA damage: repair balance in human lymphocytes.'. Br J Nutr, England: 91 (1), pp. 63-72.
  • Astley SB, Hughes DA, Wright AJ, Elliott RM, Southon S. (2004) 'DNA damage and susceptibility to oxidative damage in lymphocytes: effects of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo.'. Br J Nutr, England: 91 (1), pp. 53-61.
  • Astley SB, Elliott RM. (2004) 'The European Nutrigenomics Organisation - Linking genomics, nutrition and health research'. Nutrition Bulletin, 29 (3), pp. 254-261.
  • Elliott R, Ong TJ. (2002) 'Science, medicine, and the future - Nutritional genomics'. B M J PUBLISHING GROUP BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 324 (7351), pp. 1438-1442.
    doi: 10.1136/bmj.324.7351.1438
  • Jackson MJ, Papa S, Bolaños J, Bruckdorfer R, Carlsen H, Elliott RM, Flier J, Griffiths HR, Heales S, Holst B, Lorusso M, Lund E, Øivind Moskaug J, Moser U, Di Paola M, Polidori MC, Signorile A, Stahl W, Viña-Ribes J, Astley SB. (2002) 'Antioxidants, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, gene induction and mitochondrial function.'. Mol Aspects Med, England: 23 (1-3), pp. 209-285.
  • Astley SB, Elliott RM, Archer DB, Southon S. (2002) 'Increased cellular carotenoid levels reduce the persistence of DNA single-strand breaks after oxidative challenge.'. Nutr Cancer, United States: 43 (2), pp. 202-213.
    doi: 10.1207/S15327914NC432_11
  • Elliott RM, Astley SB, Southon S, Archer DB. (2000) 'Measurement of cellular repair activities for oxidative DNA damage.'. Free Radic Biol Med, UNITED STATES: 28 (9), pp. 1438-1446.
  • Watson AJ, Worley J, Elliott RM, Jeenes DJ, Archer DB. (2000) 'Cloning stress-induced genes from Aspergillus niger using polymerase chain reaction-augmented subtractive hybridization'. Analytical Biochemistry, 277 (1), pp. 162-165.
    doi: 10.1006/abio.1999.4401
  • Elliott RM, Southon S, Archer DB. (1999) 'Oxidative insult specifically decreases levels of a mitochondrial transcript'. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26 (5-6), pp. 646-655.
  • Schieldrop PJ, Gelling RW, Elliott RM, Hewitt J, Kieffer TJ, McIntosh CH, Pederson RA. (1996) 'Isolation of a murine glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) cDNA from a tumor cell line (STC6-14) and quantification of glucose-induced increases in GIP mRNA'. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta -Gene Structure and Expression, 1308 (2), pp. 111-113.
  • Jia X, Elliott R, Kwok YN, Pederson RA, McIntosh CH. (1995) 'Altered glucose dependence of glucagon-like peptide I(7-36)-induced insulin secretion from the Zucker (fa/fa) rat pancreas.'. Diabetes, UNITED STATES: 44 (5), pp. 495-500.
  • Elliott RM, Morgan LM, Tredger J, Wright J. (1994) 'The effects of cereal source and processing on the metabolic responses to commercially available breakfast cereals and breads'. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 45 (3), pp. 217-222.
    doi: 10.3109/09637489409166161
  • Elliott RM, Morgan LM, Tredger JA, Deacon S, Wright J, Marks V. (1993) 'Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36)amide and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide secretion in response to nutrient ingestion in man: acute post-prandial and 24-h secretion patterns.'. J Endocrinol, ENGLAND: 138 (1), pp. 159-166.
  • ELLIOTT R, MORGAN L, TREDGER J, CHARLES S, WRIGHT J, MARKS V. (1992) 'ACUTE AND 24-HOUR GLP-1 AND GIP RESPONSES TO INDIVIDUAL MACRONUTRIENTS AND WHOLE FOOD IN MAN'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV REGULATORY PEPTIDES, 40 (2), pp. 141-141.
    doi: 10.1016/0167-0115(92)90199-5
  • MORGAN L, TREDGER J, WILKINSON J, ELLIOTT R, HOWLAND R, MARKS V. (1992) 'POSTPRANDIAL GIP RESPONSES TO A MIXED MEAL IN LEAN AND OBESE SUBJECTS'. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV REGULATORY PEPTIDES, 40 (2), pp. 213-213.
    doi: 10.1016/0167-0115(92)90343-S

Conference papers

  • Jackson MJ, Elliott RM, Lund E, Papa S, Astley SB. (2002) 'Antioxidants, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, gene induction and mitochondrial function.'. TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD FREE RADICAL RESEARCH, CHURCHILL COLL, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND: Conference on European Research on Functional Effects of Dietary Antioxidants - Benefits and Risks 36, pp. 14-14.
  • Elliott R, Astley S, Southon S, Archer D. (2000) 'The development of DNA repair assays which show that dietary carrots stimulate DNA repair activity'. ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY DIETARY ANTICARCINOGENS AND ANTIMUTAGENS, UNIV E ANGLIA, NORWICH, ENGLAND: 3rd Conference on Food and Cancer Prevention (255), pp. 125-128.
    doi: 10.1533/9781845698188.3.125
  • Astley S, Elliott R, Archer D, Southon S. (2000) 'DNA damage and repair: Relative responses to antioxidant nutrients in the diet'. ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY DIETARY ANTICARCINOGENS AND ANTIMUTAGENS, UNIV E ANGLIA, NORWICH, ENGLAND: 3rd Conference on Food and Cancer Prevention (255), pp. 138-142.
    doi: 10.1533/9781845698188.3.138
  • MORGAN L, ELLIOTT R, TREDGER J, NIGHTINGALE J, MARKS V. (1993) 'GLP-1 SECRETION IN RESPONSE TO NUTRIENTS IN MAN'. KARGER DIGESTION, COPENHAGEN, DENMARK: International Symposium on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 54 (6), pp. 374-376.
  • OBEN J, ELLIOTT R, MORGAN L, FLETCHER J, MARKS V. (1992) 'THE ROLE OF GUT HORMONES IN THE ADIPOSE-TISSUE METABOLISM OF LEAN AND GENETICALLY-OBESE (OB OB) MICE'. JOHN LIBBEY & CO OBESITY IN EUROPE 91, NICE, FRANCE: 3RD EUROPEAN CONGRESS ON OBESITY, pp. 269-272.
  • MARKS V, MORGAN L, OBEN J, ELLIOTT R. (1991) 'GUT HORMONES IN GLUCOSE-HOMEOSTASIS'. C A B INTERNATIONAL PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY, ROYAL SOC MED, LONDON, ENGLAND: SYMP AT THE SCIENTIFIC MEETING OF THE NUTRITION SOC : MEDITERRANEAN FOOD AND HEALTH 50 (3), pp. 545-552.
    doi: 10.1079/PNS19910067