The simplest definition of Sociology is that it is the study of human societies. Through the synthesis of theoretical analysis and empirical research, Sociology provides a critical and systematic understanding of the processes which structure the society in which we live. Through focusing on the social patterns and forces which influence humans Sociology provides a counterbalance to the individualistic manner in which life in modern societies is often viewed. This means that for sociologists the lives of individuals can only be understood through studying the social context in which they live. Therefore, studying sociology enables individuals to understand the nature of patterns in groups and collective life in which they are a part of, for example families, youth cultures, workplaces, ethnic communities or society as a whole. As such the discipline of sociology examines that which constitutes our daily experience and social life.

Sociology is a diverse discipline, which makes use of a range of theories and concepts. For example, it may view society as a series of exchanges and interactions through which people influence each other and create meaning; or it may regard society as a large-scale structure, which constrains and affects the way people think and act. Similarly it makes use of a range of different research methods: observations, interviews, statistics and textual analysis to name but a few.

Sociological research and sociological concepts can help to explain many dimensions of social life. It can help explain the day-to-day interactions that occur in families, between men and women, as well as the larger social problems including poverty and other forms of inequality. As such Sociology gives a systematic and disciplined approach to the problems, conflicts and dynamics of contemporary society. In doing so it provides a rigorous understanding of the causes and consequences of social order and social change.