Commentary: Ford bets on cheaper EV batteries – but at what cost?
The following expert comment was written by Dr Kai Yang, Lecturer in Energy Materials and Nanotechnology at the University of Surrey’s Advanced Technology Institute, in response to Ford’s announcement of its new “universal” EV platform and manufacturing process.
“Ford's bet on LFP battery technology for its next-generation electric trucks presents a compelling value proposition but comes with notable trade-offs. By adopting cobalt-free lithium iron phosphate chemistry, Ford achieves significant cost reductions compared with conventional NCM batteries, while also benefiting from improved safety and longevity. This strategic shift also reduces supply chain risks by minimising reliance on conflict minerals like cobalt.
“The structural battery pack design enhances space utilisation and handling characteristics. However, the technology carries inherent limitations that could impact their market competitiveness. LFP's lower energy density may limit its driving range, and its 400V architecture appears conservative compared to the industry's move toward 800V systems for faster charging. Cold weather performance degradation and dependence on Chinese-dominated LFP intellectual property create additional challenges in scaling production while complying with U.S. localisation requirements.
“The battery strategy reflects Ford's pragmatic approach to making EVs more affordable but raises questions about long-term competitiveness. While the cost advantages and simplified manufacturing could help Ford hit its ambitious price target for the 2027 electric truck, the technological compromises may leave the automaker vulnerable against competitors pushing the envelope on energy density and charging speed. Much will depend on Ford's ability to innovate around LFP's limitations through advancements like faster-charging cell designs or alternative chemistries."
