Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogel (FRESH) additive manufacturing of sustainable porous calcium phosphate scaffolds for hard tissue engineering

Bone constructs manufactured via bioprinting represent a tremendous improvement in the quality life of patients. Bioinks (biomaterials for bioprinting) are an important aspect of the bioprinting process as they provide a suitable environment for cells and structural support. 

The overall aim of this interdisciplinary PhD project is to manufacture porous scaffolds that mimic trabecular bone tissue using the Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogel (FRESH) printing technique. This method consists of printing the bioink into a sacrificial thermo-reversible bath, offering mechanical strength and shape fidelity preventing collapse during printing.

Polyphosphate gels made via sol-gel chemistry and/or coacervation embedded with therapeutic ions/molecules will be used as novel bioinks that possess bone regenerative properties as well as antibacterial/anti-inflammatory capabilities.

The printed scaffold is expected to promote bone regeneration via formation of the bone-inducing phase hydroxyapatite on its surface when in contact with body fluids, promoting osteoblast attachment and proliferation. 

Structural and morphological characterisation of the glasses and scaffolds will be investigated using a multi-technique approach involving electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), thermal analysis, gas physisorption, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy at synchrotron radiation facilities. Cytocompatibility will be assessed on osteoblasts via MTT testing. 

Spanning across materials science, chemistry, biology and medicine, this proposal is truly multidisciplinary. The PhD candidate will develop a range of complementary skills in fabrication (3D printing, electrospinning), cell culture and cutting-edge characterisation techniques.

PhD candidates must have a first class or 2:1 degree (or equivalent) in a relevant scientific discipline, including Biomaterial Science, Chemistry, Physics, Chemical Engineering and Material Science and a strong interest in bio/nanomaterials.

Open to any UK or international candidates. Up to 30% of our UKRI funded studentships can be awarded to candidates paying international rate fees. Find out more about eligibility.