Zhuming Bao

Systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) nurses are facing increasing workload challenges against the backdrop of increased treatment complexity and patient caseload, coupled with a lack of policy guidance or research about the required composition of SACT workforce to ensure optimal care and outcomes. The Registered Nursing Forecasting (RN4CAST) study is an international research initiative designed to model what happens to the quality of patient care and care outcomes when components of the workforce change in acute and geriatric inpatient units. The insights from the RN4CAST have not been applied to the oncology setting. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to amend and test the RN4CAST nurse survey to ensure draft Registered Nursing Forecasting SACT day unit (RN4CAST-SACT-D) survey items are relevant, unambiguous/straightforward and the design/format is usable. This study adopted cognitive interviewing (CI), it combed two analytical approaches (reparative approach and descriptive approach) while Question Appraisal System (QAS) and cognitive theory were adopted. Totally, 12 interviews were conducted within two rounds, 48 items remained unchanged, 20 items underwent rephrasing for enhanced clarity, 20 new items were incorporated to address test content gaps, and adjustments were made to the provided answers to 5 questions. This study refined the RN4CAST survey for SACT day units through cognitive interviewing, addressing comprehension, retrieval, judgment, and response.issues. Adjustments in wording improved clarity and relevance, aligning the survey with nurses' experiences. •This paper presents a detailed exemplar of applying cognitive interviewing to design and improve survey content validity.•This study underscores the advantages of cognitive interviews in survey development.•It highlighted how itergrating analytical approaches improves data comprehension and strengthens face and content validity.

The pathogenic mechanism and prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are substantially improved over the past several decades, but VAP remains frequently seen among the critical cases. The Venner-PneuX endotracheal tube system (VPXETS) has been proved to perform better than standard endotracheal tubes (SET) in the prevention of VAP in some studies. Therefore, this systematic review is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of VPXETS in order to prevent VAP. Electronic databases, including PubMed, WANFANG, CENTRAL, CNKI, EMBASE, and CINAHL, are used to search relevant randomized controlled trials for evaluating the therapeutic effect of VPXETS on preventing VAP from January 2011 to December 2020. To be specific, related studies are selected, data are extracted, risk of bias is assessed, and meta-analysis is conducted in succession. The present review aims to assess the therapeutic effect of VPXETS on preventing VAP in intensive care units (ICUs). Our outcome measures include the incidence and side reaction of VAP. The present review assesses related studies regarding the therapeutic effect of VPXETS on preventing VAP at ICUs. Our findings in this work are to be disseminated by means of peer-reviewed publication. No ethical approval is required in our review since it uses the published data. Moreover, anonymity is guaranteed during the data analysis process. DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/6BERJ.

To systematically identify, summarise and compare evidence from studies related to the non-pharmacological interventions used to manage pain in patients with dementia. Secondly, this study aims to provide evidence on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions used to manage pain in patients with dementia. The number of people diagnosed with dementia is rising rapidly in the context of ageing. Pain is considered to be one of the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. To date, little research has focused on non-pharmacological interventions to manage pain in patients with dementia. Therefore, a systematic review on the non-pharmacological interventions used to manage pain in patients with dementia and how effective these interventions are, is warranted. The extensive search strategy included electronic database searches for CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO from January 2009 to February 2020. A mixed-methods systematic review was undertaken in accordance with the PRISMA statement and relevant papers were chosen based on inclusion criteria and quality assessment measures. Eligibility criteria defined the characteristics of inclusion studies using the PICO framework. Results were extracted to a synthesis table. The quality appraisal was conducted using JBI and CASP checklist. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. These included six randomised controlled trials, one quasi-experimental study and one qualitative descriptive study. The current review identified various non-pharmacological interventions for pain management in patients with dementia including singing, painting, massage, ear acupressure, play activities program and robot. The most common intervention was massage while the most effective intervention was play activities program. All studies provided evidence that non-pharmacological interventions have an effect on pain management in patients with dementia or that there was a tendency for non-pharmacological intervention to reduce pain in patients with dementia. Overall, the quality of the included studies was interpreted as strong (n = 8). Overall, interactive pharmacological interventions were more effective than non-interactive non-pharmacological interventions. While this review highlighted a limited number of studies investigating the use of non-pharmacological interventions to manage pain in patients with dementia, it did however uncover a range of non-pharmacological interventions used to manage pain in these patients along with their level of effectiveness. Further research is required to explore which non-pharmacological interventions are most effective in the management of pain in patients with varying degrees of cognitive impairment. Further qualitative research is also needed to explore nurses' views on the use of non-pharmacological interventions to manage pain in patients with dementia.