Professor Allan Williams
Academic and research departments
School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Centre for Competitiveness of the Visitor Economy.About
Biography
Allan studied Economics and Geography at University College Swansea, before obtaining his PhD at the London School of Economics. After completing his doctoral thesis, he worked as a Research Fellow at the LSE and then was Lecturer in Geography at the University of Durham. In 1978 he moved to the Geography Department at the University of Exeter, where he was successively Lecturer, Senior Lecturer, Reader and then, from 1995, Professor of Human Geography and European Studies.He was Co-Director of the Centre for European Studies 1987-95. He also jointly established, with Gareth Shaw, an MSc in Tourism, Development and Policy at Exeter in 2000. He was appointed to the Chair in European Integration and Globalization at London Metropolitan in 2006, in the Institute for the Study of European Transformations, and the Working Lives Research Institute. He joined the Tourism Group in the Faculty of Management at Surrey in January 2011.
He is a Fellow of the Academy of Social Science, and has been a member of several Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) committees including: the Research Grants Board, and the 'One Europe or Several' Commissioning Panel. He chaired the ESRC/NERC Transdisciplinary Seminars competition and was vice chair of the ESRC First Grants Commissioning Panel in 2006, and a member of the Commissioning Panel for CASE Studentships, 2006-9.
Within the Royal Geographical Society with the IBG, he has been Chair of the Annual Conference in 2005, Chair of the Research Groups Sub-Committee, a Member of the Research Committee, and a Member of Council. He was awarded the Heath prize of the Royal Geographical Society in 1995 for his research on Europe. He was founding co-editor of European Urban and Regional Studies, 1994-2009, and founding Co-Editor of Tourism Geographies, 1999-2016. He is an Adjunct Professor in the National Centre for Research on Europe, at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand.
His central research interest s are the relationships between economic development and mobility, and especially the roles of knowledge and risk. He is especially interested in the relationships between tourism and migration, return migration, innovation, productivity and entrepreneurship. He has undertaken research in a number of European countries, but especially Central Eastern Europe, Southern Europe and the UK, as well as New Zealand.
Areas of specialism
My qualifications
Affiliations and memberships
News
ResearchResearch interests
My core research interest is the relationship between mobility and economic development. I study this in the context of both tourism and international migration. My main research area is Europe, especially the UK and Eastern Europe, but I have historical interests in Southern Europe, and have also worked on New Zealand. Within the field of economic development, I am particularly interested in innovation, knowledge transfer, entrepreneurship and productivity. I also research the role of risk and uncertainty in mobility. Among my other interests are international youth and later life migrations.
Research projects
Women entrepreneurs in tourism EU Marie Curie fellowship 2018-20 (Euro 192,000). Award to Cristina Figueroa Domecq, supervised by Allan Williams. In association with Albert Kimbu and Anna de Jong. Analysis of the obstacles encountered by women entrepreneurs in tourism - both in becoming and operating as entrepreneurs: feminist post-structuralist theoretical perspectives. Mixed methods: survey of potential entrepreneurs, interviews with entrepreneurs and key informants, and social media analysis. Collaborating with industry and policy bodies. H2020 YMOBILITY project H2020 ten country EU research project, 2015-18 (Euro 2.5 million). Analysis of the role of international migration in the transition from youth to adulthood.Mixed methods: large scale panel survey (30,000), in-depth interviews (880) and experimental research (550). Focus on human capital, well being, identities, regional differentials. INNOVATE The innovation journey EU Marie Curie fellowship, 2016-18 (Euro 185,000). Award to Isabel Rodrigues, supervised by Allan Williams. Analysis of the innovation journey, focussing on the changing nature of the challenges faced at different stages in their pathway. Mixed methods: interviews with entrepreneurs in Spain and the UK, survey to identify policy priorities, working in close collaboration with policy and industry bodies. Cross-border regional innovation systems EU Marie Curie fellowship 2014-2016 (Euro 185,000). Award to Teemu Makkonen, supervised by Allan Williams. Analysis of the determinants and mechanisms of cross border innovation systems in Europe. Mixed methods: surveys, interviews, secondary data analysis, case studies. Key factors for SME competitiveness in the context of globalisation EU Marie Curie fellowship 2013-15 (Euro 190,000). Award to Zhelyu Vladimirov, supervised by Allan Williams. Analysis of the changing nature of the determinants of SME competitiveness. Mixed methods: analysis of secondary data and survey data, for the UK and Bulgaria. Labour productivity, work flexibility, and international migration in hotels ESRC award, 2013-15 (£250,000). Award to Allan Williams Andrew Lockwood and Sangwon Park. Analysis of Eproductive data set for circa 80 hotels in three hotel chains: firm, departmental and individual levels analyses of the relationships between flexible working and the employment of migrants, and productivity.
Research interests
My core research interest is the relationship between mobility and economic development. I study this in the context of both tourism and international migration. My main research area is Europe, especially the UK and Eastern Europe, but I have historical interests in Southern Europe, and have also worked on New Zealand. Within the field of economic development, I am particularly interested in innovation, knowledge transfer, entrepreneurship and productivity. I also research the role of risk and uncertainty in mobility. Among my other interests are international youth and later life migrations.
Research projects
Publications
Market economies are often characterised by a failure to self-regulate. One of the most enduring of these 'market failures' is the ability to maximise the entrepreneurial potential to generate growth. Within this context, gender remains one of, and probably, the most prevalent dimension of this perceived failure to maximise entrepreneurial potential. Feminist political economy provides a starting point for understanding this reproduction of inequalities via policy interventions that have sought to address perceived market failure. This paper analyses how such gendered inequalities are reproduced. Through the critical assessment of Spain's Emprendetur funding scheme, active from 2012 to 2016, 996 applications were analysed, through a content analysis, applying a gender perspective. The findings, including a decision tree analysis, demonstrate not only that women participate less as applicants in the funding scheme but are also less successful. This can be partly explained because women apply via business typologies that are less successful in relation to the dominance of ICT and technologically informed innovations. However, the barriers extend beyond these typologies; for even when controlling for critical success factors like project size, women are less successful, experiencing a double gender gap, that underlines the need for a gender lens policy approach.
This study analyses how Covid-19 shapes individuals’ international tourism intentions in context of bounded rationality. It provides a novel analysis of risk which is disaggregated into tolerance/aversion of and competence to manage risks across three different aspects: general, domain (tourism) and situational (Covid-19). The impacts of risk are also differentiated from uncertainty and ambiguity. The empirical study is based on large samples (total=8,962) collected from the world’s top five tourism source markets: China, USA, Germany, UK and France. Various risk factors show significant predictive powers of individual’s intentions to defer international tourism plans amid Covid-19. Uncertainty and ambiguity intolerance is shown to lead to intentions to take holidays relatively sooner rather than delaying the holiday plans.
Tourism researchers have increasingly, but selectively and uncritically, engaged with the notion of trust. This study therefore aims to provide a stronger theoretical foundation for understanding tourism-related trust, starting from consideration of uncertainty and the nature of tacit knowledge. The relationship between displacement and uncertainty is at the core of the distinctiveness of trust in tourism, highlighting the importance of institutions, but also recognizing the diversity of tourism contexts. Three disciplinary perspectives on trust are considered: economics, psychology, and sociology. After outlining their general characteristics in relation to McKnight and Chervany’s typology of trust, we review their application in tourism, and conclude by identifying a future research agenda to address the distinctive characteristics of trust in tourism.
Smart destinations have become an esteemed concept among researchers and policy makers. Discussion of the concept is optimistic in tone and commonly linked to information rather than knowledge and more to design than innovation. This partly explains the relatively limited critical discussion of the (potential) benefits of smart destinations. The article raises selected issues from the innovation, as opposed to the design, literature to offer insightful perspectives on analyzing smart destinations. The discussion emphasises that: 1) smart destinations are driven by uncertainty; 2) knowledge provides deeper insights than information into smart destinations as innovation; 3) entrepreneurs play an important role in facilitating smart destinations; and 4) smart destinations constitute innovation systems. •Smart destinations are driven by uncertainty.•Knowledge provides deeper insights than information into smart destinations.•Entrepreneurs play an important role in facilitating smart destinations.•Smart destinations constitute innovation systems.•Innovation adds a more holistic perspective than design to understand smart destinations.
The conditions which determine the acquisition of skills by migrants are still poorly understood. This paper addresses two of those conditions: the temporality of the acquisition of competences, whether the number and duration of migrations matter, as well as the spatiality, or the variation across countries of origin and return. Based on a large-scale online panel survey of returned young migrants in nine European countries, the significance of time (duration) and space (number of migrations) in the acquisition of skills and competences are examined. The findings reveal that young European returnees' experiences gained abroad result in largely positive outcomes but with significant differences between formal qualifications, language skills and personal and cultural competences. However, their acquisition of skills and competences is mediated by temporality - the combination of number of trips, and duration of migration. Spatiality is also important, with outcomes depending on the destination countries, and whether migration and return are from or to rural versus urban areas. These indicate that structural considerations continue to shape individual migration experiences within the EU's freedom of movement space.
Direct and indirect effects of types of innovation and other factors on both staff related innovations and performance. [Display omitted] •Innovations and other factors have both direct and indirect effects on performance.•Staff innovations mediate fully the effects of internal and two external factors.•Staff innovations mediate partially the effects of two other external factors.•Staff innovations mediate the effects of other types of innovation.•Staff and product innovations have the strongest total effects on performance.
The importance of inter‐regional co‐operation and innovation are widely accepted in the development rhetoric of the European Union. The highlighted importance of both themes in the context of borderlands has recently led to the coining of a new concept, cross‐border regional innovation system. However, little attention has been given to the empirical analysis of the concept. This paper suggests a framework for empirically validating the concept by examining the levels of integration between cross‐border regions. The outcome is a proposed framework that can be operationalised by measurable indicators of cross‐border co‐operation in a regional innovation system setting. The framework was further tested with illustrative empirical cases that demonstrate its feasibility.
Tourism research on visiting friends and relatives remains normative and family-centric. The literature has yet to question the normative underpinnings of relationships and remains oriented around physical proximity. This paper therefore aims to understand the shifting qualities and intimacies of migrant personal relationships developed across diverse means for maintaining relationships. It draws from a multi-sited ethnography that includes interviews from migrants and friends and family living at a distance. Framed through theory on personal relationships and affect, we introduce the concept ‘aspirational intimacy’. This shows how important relationships become oriented around aspirations of normalcy and belonging that construct shared capacities to feel connected, while imagining alternative possibilities for relationships and life-course trajectories.
This article builds on the seminal work of Williams and Baláž (2008a) on international migration and knowledge, by arguing that the economic value of the knowledge is relational, being dependent on how it is recognised by potential employers. By analysing in-depth interviews with sixteen managers which are contrasted with insights from thirty interviews with skilled returnees to Slovakia, this study aims to identify the extent to which return migration is considered to facilitate knowledge transfer, and the diversification of the knowledge available, to organisations. The findings reveal that skilled migration is understood by managers to facilitate accelerated learning that contributes to professional and personal development in several ways. Firstly, formal qualifications gained abroad are valued, particularly in context of perceived limitations to the national educational system. Secondly, the managers consider that returnees have acquired not only technical skills, such as market know-how and business intelligence but also soft skills. Finally, the study indicates that far from facing barriers to the recognition of their knowledge by employers, this was acknowledged and welcomed. Managers with personal exposure to international migration were predisposed to recognising the experiences of returned migrants, and this was most evident in the recruitment practices of the multinationals.
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought sweeping changes to global tourism alongside large-scale travel restrictions, posing complex challenges to entrepreneurs and firms seeking to find their footing in a turbulent climate. This study presents a theoretical framework linking uncertainty, capital, and innovation to analyse how bed-and-breakfast small and medium-sized enterprises have innovatively responded to unprecedented obstacles during COVID-19 recovery. Three-stage longitudinal interviews were conducted with more than 30 entrepreneurs between April and November 2020 to unpack their ongoing responses to the pandemic. The recovery process was found to be non-linear due to the shifting nature of sources of uncertainty and changes in entrepreneurs' capital. These alterations shaped interviewees’ responses, especially in terms of product and marketing innovations, which ultimately generated new uncertainty.
Competitiveness is a well-discussed research topic in various disciplines and fields, amongst which competitiveness in the visitor economy is a prominent research stream. With rapid transformations in the visitor economy, destinations, regions, sectors and businesses have had to adapt – with varying degrees of success – to internal and external changes, significantly affecting their competitiveness. Existing studies are dominantly based on a few pioneering models and indicators and relatively few empirically challenge the assumed causality of competitiveness factors at different scales. This article, therefore, conducts a systematic literature review of competitiveness in the visitor economy post-2005 and examines the intellectual and conceptual structures of the extant literature as a platform to identify knowledge gaps and emerging trends and perspectives for future research.
This paper analyses how terrorist attacks and high inflows of immigrants’ impact public atti-tudes towards immigrants from outside the EU. It makes an original contribution by analys-ing both effects in tandem, using an extended longitudinal framework to assess both shorter and longer-term impacts, and considering the role of uncertainty. Ordered probit regression models are applied to data from nine consecutive Eurobarometer (EB) surveys to examine impacts of 25 terrorist attacks in Western Europe in 2014-2018. Attacks with higher number of deaths significantly increase negative attitudes to immigrants although the effect fades over time. However, the 2015 migration crisis had a significant, greater and more sustained impact on attitudes towards immigrants than terrorist attacks. The differences in attitudes to migrants in the EU15 countries and post-communist countries provide support for the as-sumptions of intergroup contact theory rather than group-threat theory.
This study advances the contextual understanding of knowledge management practices adopted by tourism consultants in the setting of tourism development projects. It goes beyond the traditional understanding of the bounded nature of firms to analyse knowledge management issues through a project-based multi-layered perspective, namely project ecology. An innovative participant-observation methodology is utilised to study 15 episodic projects at three tourism development companies over a 12-month period. This provides an insider perspective to enhance understanding of the knowledge management practices and collaborations of tourism consultants. The study reveals two underlying logics that shape knowledge management practices: the logics of creativity and accumulation. The findings exhibit how knowledge management is moulded by the practices within, and interactions among, the four tiers of a multi-level project-specific contextual framework. •Analysis of project knowledge management focussed on the holistic social contexts of episodic projects instead of the bounded firm or the destination networks.•Innovative participant observation fieldwork took place in 15 tourism development projects over 12 months.•This is the first study that utilises the project ecology perspective in tourism research.•Two contrasting but interacted logics of knowledge management practices adopted by tourism consultants in tourism development projects are identified: the logic of creativity and the logic of accumulation.
Originality is an important goal of research. However, relatively little is known about the characteristics and motivations of individual researchers or about the facilitating or hindering factors that, in combination, can lead to original research outputs; a gap this study aims to fill. Interviews with twenty highly original academics (identified by their peers) active in the field of tourism identify four shared main traits amongst such researchers – nonconformism, commitment, self-confidence and interdisciplinarity – and the importance of situational factors. The findings also show that there is no single optimum way of “becoming original” and, therefore, efforts to “replicate” originality may constrain rather than enable originality. From a managerial perspective, this suggests that it is easier to remove barriers than to positively facilitate original research
The paper explores how second-generation Turkish-German ‘returnees’ benefit from their “inbetweenness” in their ancestral homeland and initiate a process of re-inventing themselves as ‘transcultural mediators’. A thematic-narrative analysis was undertaken on 43 in-depth interviews with second-generation Turkish-German ‘return’ migrants to Antalya who had acquired jobs in the tourism sector. The paper unpacks how this tourism hub provides “third spaces” distanced from prominent national and diasporic identities, and the ways in which these liberating spaces encourage the lifestyle-style oriented, cosmopolitan second-generation ‘returnees’ to re-position themselves in their translocal social fields. The findings illustrate how the second generation, who formerly endured “being twice a stranger” in Germany and Turkey, undertake a process of transculturation in Antalya, and utilise their “transcultural capital” (i.e., bilingual skills, bi- multilingualism, translocal habitus) to perform different aspects of their multiple and hybrid identities, gain economic independence and build social relations.
Additional publications
JOURNAL PAPERS
T Makkonen, Allan M. Williams, A Habersetzer, (2018) "Foreign board members and firm innovativeness: an exploratory analysis for setting a research agenda", Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-12-2017-0301
King R and Williams A M (2018) Editorial Introduction: New European Youth Mobilities, Population, Space and Place
Williams, A, Jephcote, C, Janta, H and Li G (2018), The Migration Intentions of Young Adults in Europe: A Comparative Multi-Level Analysis, Population Space and Place
Baláž V, Williams AM (2018). Migration decisions in the face of upheaval: An experimental approach. Population Space Place (2018)
Makkonen, T. And Williams A M (2018) Developing survey metrics for analysing cross-border proximity, Geografisk Tiddskrift 118(1): 114-121
Makkonen, T.. Williams, A. M., Weidenfeld, A. and Kaisto, V. (2018) Cross-border knowledge transfer and innovation in the European neighbourhood: Tourism cooperation at the Finnish-Russian border, Tourism Management 68: 140-151
Rodriguez-Sanchez, I, Williams, A M. and Brotons, M (2017) The innovation journey of new-to-tourism entrepreneurs Current Issues in Tourism
Balaz, V., Williams A M, and Chrančoková, M (2017) Connectivity as the facilitator of European student migration, Population Space and Place
Park, S., Yaduma N, Lockwood, A J and Williams A M (2016), Demand Fluctuations, Labour Flexibility and Productivity, Annals of Tourism Research v59 pp 93-112
Baláž, V., Williams, A. M. and Fifeková, E. (2016), Migration Decision Making as Complex Choice: Eliciting Decision Weights Under Conditions of Imperfect and Complex Information Through Experimental Methods. Population Space and Place. V22 (1), pp 36-53
Baláž, V. and Williams, A. M. (2017) Experimental research methods in migration: from natural to true experiments, Population Space and Place. V23(1) DOI: 10.1002/psp.1974
Weidenfeld, A, Bjork P, and Williams A M (2016 online) ‘Cognitive and cultural proximity between service managers and customers in cross border regions: knowledge transfer implications’, Scandinavian Journal of Tourism and Hospitality v 16 , Iss. Sup1,2016, pp 66-86.
Makkonen, T. and Williams A. M (2016) Border region studies: The structure of an ‘offbeat’ field of regional studies, Regional Studies, Regional Science v3(1): pp 356-368
Makkonen, T, Weidenfeld, A and Williams A M (2016) , "Cross-border regional innovation system integration: An analytical framework’, Tijdschrift voorEconomische en Sociale Geografie doi:10.1111/tesg.12223
Williams A M and V Balaz, Tourism, risk and uncertainty: theoretical reflections, Journal of Travel Research 54(3): 271-287
Janta, H, Cohen, S and Williams A M (2015) Reconceptualizing VFR mobilities, Population Space and Place 21(7), pp.585–598.
Yaduma, N., Williams, A. M., Park, S. and Lockwood, A. (2015), Performance, Labour Flexibility and Migrant Workers in Hotels: An Establishment and Departmental Level Analysis, International Journal of Hospitality Management v50, pp 94-104
Williams A M & Baláž V , (2013): Mobility, risk tolerance and competence to manage risks, Journal of Risk Research, 17(8): 1061-88
A Weidenfeld, A M Williams and R Butler (2014), Spatial competition and agglomeration in the visitor attraction sector’, Service Industries Journal 34(3)
Rodrigues, I., Williams, A M, and Hall, C M (2014), Tourism innovation policies: implementation and outcomes, Annals of Tourism Research 49: 76-93
Williams, A. M. (2013) Mobilities and sutainable tourism: path-dependent or path-creating relationships? Journal of Sustainable Tourism 21(4): 511-513
Williams, A M and Balaz V (2013), Tourism, risk tolerance and competence: travel organization and tourism hazards, Tourism Management 35(April): 209-221
E Markova, A Paraskevopolou, A Williams and G Shaw (2013), ‘Migrant Workers in Small London Hotels: Employment, Recruitment and Distribution’, European Journal of Urban and Regional Research
A M Williams and V Baláž (2012) ‘Migration, risk and uncertainty: theoretical perspectives’, Population, Space and Place 18(2): 167-80
V Baláž and A M Williams (2012) ‘Diffusion and competition of voice communication technologies in the Czech and Slovak Republics, 1948-2009", Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 79(2): 393-404
Williams, A., Ford, J and Mooney, J. (2012), ‘Human mobility in functional urban regions: understanding the diversity of mobilities’, International Review of Sociology 22(2): 191-209
A Paraskevopoulou, E Markova, A Williams, and G Shaw (2012) ‘Migration and Innovation at the Bottom End: Understanding the Role of Migrant Managers in Small Hotels in the Global City ’, Mobilities 7(3): 389-414
Lowe, M., Williams, A. M., Shaw, G. & Cudworth, K. (2012) ‘Self-organising innovation networks, mobile knowledge carriers and diasporas: Insights from a pioneering boutique hotel chain’, Journal of Economic Geography 12: 1113–1138
G Shaw, A Bailey and A M Williams (2011), ‘Service dominant logic and its implications for tourism management: the co-production of innovation in the hotel industry’, Tourism Management 32(2): 207-214
A M Williams and G Shaw (2011), ‘Internationalization and innovation in tourism’, Annals of Tourism Research 38(1): 27-51
A M Williams, N Chaban and M Holland (2011), ‘International migration and return: the articulation of place through work, family and community’, Mobilities 6(1): 125-147
N Chaban, A M Williams and M Holland (2011), ‘Crossing cultures: Analysing the experiences of NZ returnees from the EU (UK vs. non-UK), International Journal of Intercultural Relations 35: 776-90
V Baláž and A M Williams (2011) ‘Risk attitudes and migration experience’, Journal of Risk Research 14:5: 583-596
Weidenfeld, R Butler and A M Williams (2011), ‘The role of clustering, cooperation and complementarities in the visitor attraction sector’ Current Issues in Tourism 14(7): 595-62
A Weidenfeld, A M Williams, and R Butler (2010), ‘Knowledge transfers and innovations amongst attractions’. Annals of Tourism Research 37(3): 604-626
S Salis and A M Williams (2010), 'Knowledge Sharing through Face-To-Face Communication and Labour Productivity: Evidence from British Workplaces,' British Journal of Industrial Relations V48(2): 436-459
D A Higon, O Deniz, J Clegg, I Grugulis, S Salis, N Vasilakos and A M Williams (2010), ‘The determinants of retail productivity: a critical review of the evidence’, International Journal of Management Reviews, V12(2): 201 – 217
A M Williams (2010), ‘Mass tourism, culture and the historic city: theoretical perspectives’, Revista del Scienze del Turismo 1(2): 9-29
A M Williams and V Balaz (2009), ‘Low cost carriers, economies of flows, and regional externalities’, Regional Studies 43(5): 677 - 691
G Shaw and A M Williams (2009), ‘Knowledge Transfer and Management in Tourism Organisations: an emerging research agenda’, Tourism Management 30 (3) 325–335
Williams, A. M. (2009), ‘International migration, uneven development and polarisation: an introduction’, European Urban and Regional Studies 16(3): 309-322
Williams, A M and Shaw, G. (2009), ‘Future play: tourism, recreation and land use – a Foresight review’, Land Use Policy 12 Supplement 1: S326-335
A Weidenfeld, R W Butler, and A M Williams (2009) ‘Clustering and compatibility between tourism attractions’, International Journal of Tourism Research 12 (1): 1-16
A M Williams and V Balaz (2008), International mobility, learning and knowledge transfer: a case study of Slovak doctors, Social Science and Medicine, 67: 1924-33
V Balaz and A M Williams (2007), ‘Path dependency and path creation perspectives on migration trajectories: the economic experiences of Vietnamese migrants in Slovakia’, International Migration 45(2): 37-67
A M Williams (2007), ‘International labour migration and tacit knowledge transactions: a multi-level perspective’, Global Networks 7(1): 1-22
A M Williams (2007), ‘Listen to me, learn with me: International migration and knowledge’, British Journal of Industrial Relations 45(2): 361-82
A M Williams (2006), ‘Lost in translation: International migration, learning and knowledge’, Progress in Human Geography 30(5) 588-607
A Warnes and A M Williams (2006), ‘Older migrants in Europe: an innovative focus for migration studies’, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies v32(8): 1257-81
A M Williams and V Balaz (2005), ‘What human capital, which migrants? Returned skilled migration to Slovakia from the UK’, International Migration Review v39(2): 439-468
A M Williams and V Balaz (2005), ‘Winning then loosing the battle with globalization: Vietnamese petty traders in Slovakia’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 29(3): 533-549
A M Williams and Baláž, V. (2005): ‘Vietnamese community in Slovakia’, Sociológia, Vol. 37 No. 3, pp. 249-274
Balaz, V. and A M Williams (2005), 'International tourism as bricolage: an analysis of central Europe on the brink of European Union membership', International Journal of Tourism Research 7(2): 79-93
D Sadler, A M Williams and R Hudson (2004), Editorial: 10 Years of European Urban and Regional Studies, European Urban and Regional Studies 11(1) 5-7
V Balaz and A M Williams (2004), ‘Been there, done that’: international student migration and human capital transfers from the UK to Slovakia’, Population, Space and Place 10 217-237
R Hudson and A M Williams (2004), European voices: towards the internationalisation of academic discourse’, European Urban and Regional Studies 11(4): 355-356
A M Williams and V Balaz (2004), ‘From private to public sphere, the commodification of the au pair experience? Returned migrants from Slovakia to the UK’, Environment and Planning A 36(10): 1813-1833.
V Balaz, A M Williams and D Kollar (2004), ‘Temporary versus permanent youth brain drain: economic implications’, International Migration 42(4): 3-34
A M. Williams, Balaz, V. and Wallace, C. (2003), ‘International labour mobility and uneven regional development in Europe: human capital, knowledge and entrepreneurship’, European Urban and Regional Studies 11(1): 27-46
A.M.Williams and V. Balaz (2002), ‘The Czech and Slovak Republics: conceptual issues in the economic analysis of tourism in transition’, Tourism Management v23 (1): 37-45
G Lazaridis and A M Williams (2002), ‘European migration: flows, structures and regulation’, International Journal of Population Geography 8(2): 83-87
A M Williams and V Balaz (2002), ‘La movilidad internacional en Europa Central: turistas, comerciantes y migrantes’, Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales 18(1): 37-66
A.M.Williams and V. Balaz (2002), ‘International petty trading: changing practices in trans-Carpathian Ukraine’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 26(2): 323-344
A. M. Williams and V. Balaz (2002) ‘Trans-border population mobility at a European crossroads: Slovakia in the shadow of EU accession’, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,28(4): 647-664
A.M.Williams and V. Balaz (2001), ‘From collective provision to commodification of tourism?’, Annals of Tourism Research 2001 vol 28(1): 27-49
A.M.Williams, V. Balaz and D. Kollar (2001), ‘Coming and going in Slovakia: Labour migration in the Central European ‘buffer zone’, Environment and Planning A v33: 1101-1123
Vladimir Balaz and A M Williams (2001), ‘Capital mobility in transition countries of central Europe: macroeconomic performance factors and structural policies'’ Ekonomicky Casopis v49(2): 242-271
Williams, A.M. and Baláž, V. (2001): Patterns of internal migration, regional polarisation and market reforms in Central Europe’ Ekonomický časopis, v49(4): 663-700
A.M.Williams, V. Balaz and B. Bodnarova (2001), ‘Border regions and trans-border mobility: Slovakia in economic transition’, Regional Studies, v35(9): 831-46
A.Warnes, R. King, A.M.Williams and G.Patterson (2000), ‘The well being of British expatriates resident in southern Europe’, Ageing and Society vol 19(6): 717-740
A.M.Williams and M.Hall (2000), ‘Tourism and migration: new relationships between production and consumption’, Tourism Geographies v2(1): 5-27
A.M.Williams, R. King, A. Warnes, and G. Patterson (2000), ‘Tourism and international retirement migration; new forms of an old relationship in southern Europe’, Tourism Geographies, v2(1): 28-49
A.M.Williams and V. Balaz (2000), ‘Privatisation and the development of tourism in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: property rights, firm performance and recombinant property’, Environment and Planning A, v32: 715-34
S. Agarwall, R. Ball, G. Shaw and A.M.Williams (2000), ‘The geography of tourism production: uneven development and neglect’, Tourism Geographies, v2(3): 241-63
A.M.Williams and G. Shaw (2000), ‘Guest editorial: tourism geography in a changing world, Tourism Geographies v2(3): 239-40
Williams and A. Montanari (1999) ‘Limits to Self-regulation’, in Tourism Geographies 1, 1999, pp 26-40
A.Williams and V. Balaz (1999), ‘Privatisation in Central Europe: different methods, legacies and implications’, Environment and Planning : Government and Policy v17(6): 731-52
G. Shaw and A. Williams (1999(, ‘Tourism entrepreneurship: the role of small business in British coastal tourism’, Munstersche Geographische Arbeiten vol 42, 25-32
A M. Williams , V. Balaz and S. Zujac (1998), ‘The EU and Central Europe: the reinternationalisation of economic relationships’, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie v89(2) pp 131-49
A.M. Williams and G. Patterson (1998), ‘An empire lost but a province gained: a cohort analysis of British international retirement in the Algarve’, International Journal of Population Geography, v.4 pp 135-56
R. King, A. Warnes and A.M. Williams (1998), ‘International retirement migration in Europe’, International Journal of Population Geography, v4, pp 91-111
A.M. Williams, R.King and A.Warnes (1997), ‘A place in the sun: international retirement migration from the UK to Southern Europe’, European Urban and Regional Studies, vol 4, no2, pp. 115-34
P. Thornton, A.M. Williams and G.Shaw (1997), ‘Revisiting time space diaries: an exploratory case study of tourist behaviour in Cornwall, England’, Environment and Planning A vol 29 pp. 1847-1867
P.Thornton, G.Shaw, A.M. Williams (1997), ‘Tourist group decision making and behaviour: the influence of children’, Tourism Management 18(5) 287-297
A Williams (1995(, 'Recent development in UK tourism research', Estudios Turisticos, vol 25
A M Williams and G Shaw (1995), 'Tourism and regional development: polarisation and new forms of production in the UK', Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, vol 86, pp. 50-63
A Williams and A Montanari (1995), 'Tourism regions and spaces in a changing social framework’, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Social Geographie, vol 69, pp. 3-1
A Williams and J Lewis (1994), 'Regional autonomies and the European Communities: the view from Portugal’s Atlantic islands, Regional Policy and Politics, Vol 4, No 2,pp 67-85
A Williams, G Shaw and M Huber (1994), 'Culture industries and local economic development', Regional Studies, vol 32
A Williams (1992), 'Globality and Community in Culture and Development', World Futures, 1990, Vol 33, No 1, pp 1-24
A Williams (1992) 'Economic and Non-Economic Models of Entrepreneurship in the UK', World Futures, Vol 33, No 1, pp 25-34
A Williams (1992), 'Cultural contingencies and economic behaviour: return migration', World Futures, Vol 33, No 1, pp 155-164
A Griffiths and A Williams (1992), 'Culture, regional image and economic development in the UK', World Futures, Vol 33, No 1, pp 105-120
A Williams and G Shaw (1992), 'Tourism Research: a Perspective', American Behavioral Scientist, Vol 36, No 2, pp 133-143
G Shaw and A William (1992), 'Tourism and tourist cultures', American Behavioral Scientist, Vol 36, No 2, pp 155-171
A Williams (1992), 'The Portuguese economy in transition', Journal of the Association for Contemporary Iberian Studies, Vol 5, No 2, pp 30-39
G Shaw and AWilliams (1991), 'From bathing hut to theme park', Journal of Regional and Local Studies, pp. 16-32
J Greenwood, A Williams and G Shaw (1990), 'Policy implementation and tourism in the UK - implications from recent tourism research in Cornwall', Tourism Management, Vol 11, No 1, pp 53-62
G Shaw, A Williams and J Greenwood (1990), 'UK Visitor Surveys', Tourism Management, Vol 11, No 3, pp. 247-250
A MWilliams, G Shaw and J Greenwood (1989) 'From tourist to entrepreneur, from consumption to production: evidence for Cornwall, England', Environment and Planning, Vol 21, No 12, pp 1639-1654
G Shaw and A Williams, (1988) 'Tourism and employment: reflections on a pilot study of Looe, Cornwall', Area, Vol 20, No 1, pp 23-34
G Shaw, A Williams and J Greenwood (1988) 'Comparative studies in local economies: the Cornish cases', Built Environment, Vol 13, No 2, pp 73-84
A Williams and G Shaw (1988), 'Tourism: candyfloss industry or job generator', Town Planning Review, Vol 59, pp 81-104
G Shaw, A Williams and J Greenwood (1988), 'The economic role of tourism: policy implications of Cornish research', Planning Practice & Research, v5, pp 5-11
J Lewis and A Williams (1987), 'Factories, farms and families: the impacts of industrial growth in rural Central Portugal', Sociologia Ruralis, Vol 26, No 3/4, pp 320-344
J Lewis and A Williams (1987), 'Productive decentralisation of indigenous growth in Portugal', Regional Studies, July, Vol 21, no 5, pp 343-361
G Shaw and A Williams, (1987) 'Firm formation and operating characteristics in the Cornish tourist industry - the case of Looe', Tourism Management, Vol 9, pp 344-348
J Lewis and A Williams (1987), 'Descentralization de la Produccion o desarrollo endogeno?', Estudios Territoriales, Vol 27, pp 95-122
A Pratt, G Shaw and A Williams (1986), 'The changing role of industrial estates in the Cornish economy’, Cornish Studies, 12, pp 31-46
A Williams (1986), 'Economic landscapes of the Mediterranean; Landscape Research, v11, pp 8-10
A M Williams (1986), 'Tendències recentis en la geografia humana Britànica: inicis, fragmentacio i reunificacio', Revista Catalana de Geografia, No 2, pp 41-52
J Lewis and A Williams (1985), 'Portugal: decade of return', Geography, v 70, pp178-182
J Lewis and A Williams (1985) 'The Sines project: Portugal's growth centre or white elephant', Town Planning Review, Vol 56, pp 339-366
J Lewis and A Williams (1985), 'Portugal's retornados: reintegration or rejection?', Iberian Studies, Vol 14, pp 11-23
J Lewis and A Williams (1984), 'International labour migration and uneven regional development in contemporary Portugal', City and Region, Vol 11, pp 287-301
J Lewis and A Williams (1984), 'Social cleavages and electoral performances: the social basis of Portuguese political parties, 1976-83', West European Politics, Vol 7, pp 119-137. Reprinted in G Pridham The New Mediterranean Democracies, Frank Cass, London
D Phillips and A Williams (1984), 'The social implications of rural housing policy: a review of developments in the past decade' Countryside Planning Yearbook, Vol 4, pp 77-102
A Williams (1983), ‘Lisbon’, Cities, Vol 1, No 1, pp 10-16
D Phillips and A Williams (1983), ‘Rural settlement policies and local authority housing: observations from a case study of South Hams, Devon’, Environment and Planning A, 15, pp 501-513
J Lewis and A Williams (1982), ‘O impacto regional de adessão CEE’, Desenvolvimento Regional, 14/15, pp 79-139
G Shaw and A Williams (1982), ‘A comparative analysis of Structure Plans’, Planning and Administration, 9, pp 74-84
D Phillips and A Williams (1982), ‘Local authority housing and accessibility: evidence from the South Hams, Devon’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series 7, pp 304-320
D Phillips and A Williams (1982), ‘A positive approach to transfer management’, Housing Review, 31,No 1, pp 13-19
D Phillips and A Williams (1982), ‘The need for rural council houses’, Housing, 18, No 4, 16-19
A M Williams (1981), ‘Bairros clandestinos: illegal housing settlements in Portugal’, Geografische Tijdschrift, XV, pp 24-34
J Lewis and A Williams (1981), ‘Regional uneven development on the European periphery: the case of Portugal 1950-78’, Tijdschrift voor Economishe en Sociale Geografia 72, pp 81-98
A Williams (1981), ‘Portugal's illegal housing’, Planning Outlook, 23, pp 110-114
G Shaw and A Williams (1981), ‘The regional structure of Structure Plans’, Planning Outlook, 23, pp 2-7
A Williams (1980) ‘Conservation planning in Oporto: an integrated approach in the Ribeira-Barredo’, Town Planning Review, 51, pp 177-194
G Shaw and A Williams (1980), 'Structure planning and retailing', Retail Distribution and Management, 8, pp 34-43
A Williams (1979) ‘Migration and residential patterns in mid-nineteenth century Cardiff’, Cambria 6, pp 1-27
BOOKS
A Wedienfeld, R Butler, A M Williams (2016), Visitor Attractions and Events: Locations and Linkages, London: Routledge
A L Lew, C M Hall and A M Williams (eds)(2014), The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Tourism, Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, 650pp
A M Williams and V Balaz (2014), Migration, Risk and Uncertainty, London: Routledge, 240 pp
A M Williams (ed)(2012) Human Mobility in Coastal Regions: The Impact of Migration and Temporary Mobilities on Urbanization, Rome: Sapienza Università Editrice, Vol. II, September 2012 , 490 pp
C M Hall and A M Williams (2008), Tourism and Innovation, London: Routledge,
A M Williams and V Balaz,(2008) International Migration and Knowledge, London: Routledge
G. Shaw and A.M. Williams (2004), Tourism and Tourism Spaces (Sage, 2004)
A. Lew, M. Hall and A. M. Williams (eds.)(2004), A Companion to Tourism Oxford: Blackwells,
C. M. Hall and A.M.Williams (eds)(2002), Tourism and Migration: New Relationships between Production and Consumption (Kleuwer, 200
A.M.Williams and V.Balaz (2000), Tourism in Transition: Economic Change in Central Europe, (London: I.B.Tauris)
R. King, A.M.Warnes and A.M.Williams (2000) Sunset Lives: European retirement migration, (Oxford: Berg)
R.Hudson and A.Williams (eds.)(1999), Divided Europe: Society and Territory, London: Sage
G. Shaw and A Williams (eds)(1997), The Rise and Fall of British Coastal Resorts: Cultural and Economic Perspectives, Mansell,
A Montanari and A Williams (eds)(1995) European Tourism: Regions, Spaces and Restructuring, Wileys,
G Shaw & A Williams (1994), Critical Issues in Tourism, Oxford: Blackwells, Second edition 2002,
C Balkir and A Williams, (eds),(1993) Turkey and Europe, London: Belhaven,
M Blacksell and A Williams, (eds) (1993), The European Challenge: Geography and Development, Oxford: Oxford UP
A Williams and J Gaspar,(1992) Southern Portugal in the 1990s, London: Economist Intelligence Unit
J Gaspar and A Williams (1992), Northern Portugal in the 1990s, London: Economist Intelligence Unit,
A Williams (1991),The European Community: The Contradictions of Integration, Oxford: Blackwell, IBG series, 2nd edition 1994.
Gallagher and A Williams, (Editors) (1989) Southern European Socialism: Parties, Elections and the Challenge of Government, Manchester: Manchester University Press
R Hudson and A Williams (1989), Divided Britain, London: Belhaven Press, 1989,2nd edition 1995
A Williams and G Shaw, (editors) (1988) Tourism and Development: Western European Perspectives, London: Frances Pinter, 3rd edition 1995
A Williams (1987), The Western European Economy: A Geography of Post-War Development, Hutchinson, London
R Hudson and A Williams (1986), The United Kingdom, Harper & Row, London
A Williams, Editor, (1984) Southern Europe Transformed, Harper & Row, London
D Phillips and A Williams (1984), Rural Britain: A Social Geography, Basil Blackwell, Oxford
N Spence, A Gillespie, J Goddard, S Kennett and S Pinch and A Williams (`1982) British Cities: An Analysis of Urban Change, Pergamon, Oxford
D Phillips and A Williams (1981), Rural Housing and the Public Sector, Gower Press, Farnborough